India's Economic Reforms, 1991-2001India is the world's largest democracy, and second-largest developing country. For forty years it has also been one of the most dirigiste and autarkic. The 1980s saw most developing and erstwhile communist countries opt for market economic systems. India belatedly initiated similar reforms in 1991. This book evaluates the progress of those reforms, covering all of the major areas of policy; stabilization, taxation and trade, domestic and external finance, agriculture, industry, the social sectors, and poverty alleviation. Will India realize its great potential by freeing itself from the self-imposed constraints that have hindered its development? This is the important and fascinating question considered by this book. |
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الصفحة 1
Her credibility was very low, and commercial borrowing impossible. Inflation was running at an annual rate of 13 per cent and an inflow of foreign currency from non-resident Indians had been reversed. The crisis had been simmering since ...
Her credibility was very low, and commercial borrowing impossible. Inflation was running at an annual rate of 13 per cent and an inflow of foreign currency from non-resident Indians had been reversed. The crisis had been simmering since ...
الصفحة 2
Many countries have been forced to take similar measures when the borrowing that they relied on dried up. But the almost simultaneous announcement (by a new minority government) of a long-run programme of deregulation and liberalization ...
Many countries have been forced to take similar measures when the borrowing that they relied on dried up. But the almost simultaneous announcement (by a new minority government) of a long-run programme of deregulation and liberalization ...
الصفحة 9
... and the large international portfolio disequilibria that are a hangover from a highly controlled past have been absorbed, there is a case for retaining administrative controls over private foreign borrowing and lending.
... and the large international portfolio disequilibria that are a hangover from a highly controlled past have been absorbed, there is a case for retaining administrative controls over private foreign borrowing and lending.
الصفحة 10
... and imply levels of borrowing that are unsustainable in the long run. In Chapter 3 the reduction of foreign trade controls and tariffs is described. Tariff reform has revenue consequences. This leads into an extended analysis of the ...
... and imply levels of borrowing that are unsustainable in the long run. In Chapter 3 the reduction of foreign trade controls and tariffs is described. Tariff reform has revenue consequences. This leads into an extended analysis of the ...
الصفحة 13
Examples are trade reforms which reduce revenue, or financial reforms which raise the cost of government borrowing. But other structural reforms help the macro-economic problem. For instance a shift from import controls to tariffs will ...
Examples are trade reforms which reduce revenue, or financial reforms which raise the cost of government borrowing. But other structural reforms help the macro-economic problem. For instance a shift from import controls to tariffs will ...
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المحتوى
1 | |
13 | |
3Fiscal Policy and Trade Policy | 63 |
4Financial Sector Reform | 109 |
5Industrial Policy and Factor Markets | 171 |
6The Social Sectors Poverty and Reform | 219 |
7Summary and Afterthoughts | 247 |
Bibliography | 267 |
Index | 277 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
achieved agricultural allowed assets banks borrowing budget capital cent of GDP central Centre Chapter companies competition consider corporate cost countries crores current account deficit debt deposit direct discussed domestic economic effective efficiency employment enterprises estimates excise expenditure exports favour firms fiscal fiscal deficit foreign funds further given growth higher important improvement income increase India industry inflation inflows institutions interest interest rates investment issue labour lending less liberalization limit loans losses major measures Note operation output payments political poor poverty present primary problem production profitability programme promoters protection public sector raised reasons reduced reform regulation relative remain reserves restrictions result rise rural savings schemes securities share social structure subsidies suggested tariff taxation trade wages