India's Economic Reforms, 1991-2001India is the world's largest democracy, and second-largest developing country. For forty years it has also been one of the most dirigiste and autarkic. The 1980s saw most developing and erstwhile communist countries opt for market economic systems. India belatedly initiated similar reforms in 1991. This book evaluates the progress of those reforms, covering all of the major areas of policy; stabilization, taxation and trade, domestic and external finance, agriculture, industry, the social sectors, and poverty alleviation. Will India realize its great potential by freeing itself from the self-imposed constraints that have hindered its development? This is the important and fascinating question considered by this book. |
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الصفحة 3
Thus a good deal has been done to increase the role of the price mechanism, raise efficiency, reduce bureaucratic control, and increase the role of private initiative. But large areas remain where almost nothing has been done.
Thus a good deal has been done to increase the role of the price mechanism, raise efficiency, reduce bureaucratic control, and increase the role of private initiative. But large areas remain where almost nothing has been done.
الصفحة 7
It has proved impossible to give management the freedom to operate and the incentives required for efficiency, while preserving the idea of public accountability. Secondly, government itself has been overextended.
It has proved impossible to give management the freedom to operate and the incentives required for efficiency, while preserving the idea of public accountability. Secondly, government itself has been overextended.
الصفحة 8
These are cases where the technology is such that only a monopolist can supply efficiently. Transport by pipeline, cable, or rail provide the main examples. Here there are two points to be made. First, changes in technology have reduced ...
These are cases where the technology is such that only a monopolist can supply efficiently. Transport by pipeline, cable, or rail provide the main examples. Here there are two points to be made. First, changes in technology have reduced ...
الصفحة 11
... left a welter of laws and procedures which still seriously reduce the efficiency and flexibility with which private industry operates. Prominent are those which prevent firms being closed, and so generate the sick company problem.
... left a welter of laws and procedures which still seriously reduce the efficiency and flexibility with which private industry operates. Prominent are those which prevent firms being closed, and so generate the sick company problem.
الصفحة 30
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المحتوى
1 | |
13 | |
3Fiscal Policy and Trade Policy | 63 |
4Financial Sector Reform | 109 |
5Industrial Policy and Factor Markets | 171 |
6The Social Sectors Poverty and Reform | 219 |
7Summary and Afterthoughts | 247 |
Bibliography | 267 |
Index | 277 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
achieved agricultural allowed assets banks borrowing budget capital cent of GDP central Centre Chapter companies competition consider corporate cost countries crores current account deficit debt deposit direct discussed domestic economic effective efficiency employment enterprises estimates excise expenditure exports favour firms fiscal fiscal deficit foreign funds further given growth higher important improvement income increase India industry inflation inflows institutions interest interest rates investment issue labour lending less liberalization limit loans losses major measures Note operation output payments political poor poverty present primary problem production profitability programme promoters protection public sector raised reasons reduced reform regulation relative remain reserves restrictions result rise rural savings schemes securities share social structure subsidies suggested tariff taxation trade wages