India's Economic Reforms, 1991-2001Clarendon Press, 26/09/1996 - 298 من الصفحات India is the world's largest democracy, and second-largest developing country. For forty years it has also been one of the most dirigiste and autarkic. The 1980s saw most developing and erstwhile communist countries opt for market economic systems. India belatedly initiated similar reforms in 1991. This book evaluates the progress of those reforms, covering all of the major areas of policy; stabilization, taxation and trade, domestic and external finance, agriculture, industry, the social sectors, and poverty alleviation. Will India realize its great potential by freeing itself from the self-imposed constraints that have hindered its development? This is the important and fascinating question considered by this book. |
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الصفحة 1
... deficit of around $10 billion. Reserves were down to two weeks of imports, despite an IMF loan of $1.8 billion in ... fiscal measures, was essential to prevent default by securing the co-operation of official donors and lenders. Many ...
... deficit of around $10 billion. Reserves were down to two weeks of imports, despite an IMF loan of $1.8 billion in ... fiscal measures, was essential to prevent default by securing the co-operation of official donors and lenders. Many ...
الصفحة 3
... fiscal deficit is still too large to be sustainable in the long run. On the structural adjustment front, the derestriction of domestic production and investment has gone a long way. Foreign trade has been extensively decontrolled, but ...
... fiscal deficit is still too large to be sustainable in the long run. On the structural adjustment front, the derestriction of domestic production and investment has gone a long way. Foreign trade has been extensively decontrolled, but ...
الصفحة 15
... fiscal deficit of the central government which had averaged about 4.5 per cent of GDP in the second half of the 1970s crept up to 8.5 per cent of GDP by 1985/86 and stayed at that level thereafter. Similar increases occurred in the deficits ...
... fiscal deficit of the central government which had averaged about 4.5 per cent of GDP in the second half of the 1970s crept up to 8.5 per cent of GDP by 1985/86 and stayed at that level thereafter. Similar increases occurred in the deficits ...
الصفحة 16
... fiscal deficit. It was also an objective to minimize the adverse impact of stabilization on real income and output, and to place the economy on a high-growth path as rapidly as possible. In 1991/92, fiscal retrenchment and a credit ...
... fiscal deficit. It was also an objective to minimize the adverse impact of stabilization on real income and output, and to place the economy on a high-growth path as rapidly as possible. In 1991/92, fiscal retrenchment and a credit ...
الصفحة 19
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المحتوى
1 | |
13 | |
3Fiscal Policy and Trade Policy | 63 |
4Financial Sector Reform | 109 |
5Industrial Policy and Factor Markets | 171 |
6The Social Sectors Poverty and Reform | 219 |
7Summary and Afterthoughts | 247 |
Bibliography | 267 |
Index | 277 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
achieved agricultural allowed assets banks borrowing budget capital cent of GDP central Centre Chapter companies competition consider corporate cost countries crores current account deficit debt deposit direct discussed domestic economic effective efficiency employment enterprises estimates excise expenditure exports favour firms fiscal fiscal deficit foreign funds further given growth higher important improvement income increase India industry inflation inflows institutions interest interest rates investment issue labour lending less liberalization limit loans losses major measures Note operation output payments political poor poverty present primary problem production profitability programme promoters protection public sector raised reasons reduced reform regulation relative remain reserves restrictions result rise rural savings schemes securities share social structure subsidies suggested tariff taxation trade wages