India's Economic Reforms, 1991-2001India is the world's largest democracy, and second-largest developing country. For forty years it has also been one of the most dirigiste and autarkic. The 1980s saw most developing and erstwhile communist countries opt for market economic systems. India belatedly initiated similar reforms in 1991. This book evaluates the progress of those reforms, covering all of the major areas of policy; stabilization, taxation and trade, domestic and external finance, agriculture, industry, the social sectors, and poverty alleviation. Will India realize its great potential by freeing itself from the self-imposed constraints that have hindered its development? This is the important and fascinating question considered by this book. |
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الصفحة xiii
Where we express monetary magnitudes as percentages of GDP, it is measured at market prices. This page intentionally left blank 1 Introduction The present authors' ACRONYMS xiii Note on lakhs and crores Note on GDP.
Where we express monetary magnitudes as percentages of GDP, it is measured at market prices. This page intentionally left blank 1 Introduction The present authors' ACRONYMS xiii Note on lakhs and crores Note on GDP.
الصفحة xiv
Vijay Joshi, I. M. D Little. This page intentionally left blank 1 Introduction The present authors' previous book on India (Joshi.
Vijay Joshi, I. M. D Little. This page intentionally left blank 1 Introduction The present authors' previous book on India (Joshi.
الصفحة 1
The present authors' previous book on India (Joshi and Little, 1994) took her macroeconomic story only up to June 1991. Its sketch of developments from 1964 to 1991 ends with the sentence 'The new government moved swiftly and announced ...
The present authors' previous book on India (Joshi and Little, 1994) took her macroeconomic story only up to June 1991. Its sketch of developments from 1964 to 1991 ends with the sentence 'The new government moved swiftly and announced ...
الصفحة 12
Chapter 7 summarizes the progress and state of the reforms, and presents our conclusions. Reasons for success and failure are considered, and priorities suggested. The likelihood of a satisfactory continuation of the process of reform ...
Chapter 7 summarizes the progress and state of the reforms, and presents our conclusions. Reasons for success and failure are considered, and priorities suggested. The likelihood of a satisfactory continuation of the process of reform ...
الصفحة 28
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المحتوى
1 | |
13 | |
3Fiscal Policy and Trade Policy | 63 |
4Financial Sector Reform | 109 |
5Industrial Policy and Factor Markets | 171 |
6The Social Sectors Poverty and Reform | 219 |
7Summary and Afterthoughts | 247 |
Bibliography | 267 |
Index | 277 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
achieved agricultural allowed assets banks borrowing budget capital cent of GDP central Centre Chapter companies competition consider corporate cost countries crores current account deficit debt deposit direct discussed domestic economic effective efficiency employment enterprises estimates excise expenditure exports favour firms fiscal fiscal deficit foreign funds further given growth higher important improvement income increase India industry inflation inflows institutions interest interest rates investment issue labour lending less liberalization limit loans losses major measures Note operation output payments political poor poverty present primary problem production profitability programme promoters protection public sector raised reasons reduced reform regulation relative remain reserves restrictions result rise rural savings schemes securities share social structure subsidies suggested tariff taxation trade wages