should block up the harbour by sea. Daniel entered the town and plundered it; but the governor not arriving in season, the Spaniards retired to the castle with their principal riches. The governor, on his arrival, could effect nothing, from the want of battering artillery. He immediately sent Daniel to Jamaica for cannon, mortars and bombs. While Daniel was gone, two Spanish ships arrived, with thirty-eight guns on board. The sight of these frightened Moore. He forsook his ships, and hastily retreated to Carolina by land, his ships falling into the hands of the Spaniards. Daniel returning from Jamaica, unsuspicious of what had occurred, stood in for the harbour, but learnt his situation in time to escape with difficulty. The Apalachian Indians having become extremely troublesome the next year, being instigated by the Spaniards, Governor Moore marched to their country, destroyed their towns between Alatahama and Savannah; killed and made prisoners of six or eight hundred, and compelled the tribes to sue for peace, and submit to the English. The same year Sir Nathaniel Johnson superseded Moore as governor. Episcopacy was established by law; lands were granted for glebes, and the salaries of the rectors paid from the national treasury. The legislature also enacted that no one should be a member of the assembly, who had not taken the sacrament of the Lord's supper, according to the Episcopal mode. The house of lords, however, soon declared, on petition of the dissenters of Carolina, that the act was repugnant to the laws of England, and contrary to the charter of the proprietors, and Queen Anne pronounced it null and void. Understanding that the Spaniards were determined by force of arms, to annex Carolina to Florida, on a pretence of original discovery, Governor Johnson, a soldier of courage and skill, made every exertion to fortify the entrance to the harbour of Charleston, and place the province in a state of defence. Shortly after, being duly prepared to receive the enemy, a government vessel arrived from St. Augustine, bringing information of the Spanish squadron having been seen there. This consisted of a French frigate under captain Le Feboure, and four armed sloops, having about eight hundred men on board. Scarcely was the intelligence communicated when the vessels were announced by signals from Sullivan's island to be in sight. The darkness of the night prevented an attempt to cross the bar till the next day; most of which was employed in taking soundings of the south bar. The succeeding day they crossed, and anchored above Sullivan's Island: but the delay had enabled the governor to collect the militia and friendly Indians, and to arm the vessels in the harbour. Colonel William Rhet, a man of vigour and skill, took the command of the naval force. The governor was summoned to surrender; and promptly refused: four hours were allowed by Le Feboure for an answer, but Johnson informed the messenger that he did not wish one minute. The next day a party of the enemy landed and burnt some houses on James Island: and another party of one hundred and sixty men, landed on Wando Neck. Johnson despatched Captain Cantey in the night, to watch the motions of those at Wando Neck. Before day break he surprised them in a state of presumed security, fired on them with about a hundred men, till the whole were killed, drowned, or taken prisoners. It was now determined to attack them by sea. Rhet, with six vessels dropped down the river towards where the enemy were at anchor. At sight of Rhet they weighed anchor, passed over the bar and were soon out of sight. Some days after, intelligence was received that a ship of force was seen in Sewee Bay landing some troops. Some prisoners informed the governor that a ship under command of Monsieur Arbuset, with two hundred men for a reinforcement, had been expected. Captain Fenwick was immediately despatched by land to Sewee Bay; while Rhet, with two small vessels, sailed round by sea. Fenwick soon drove the enemy to their ship: and Rhet approaching, the enemy struck without firing a gun. The frigate and prisoners were brought to Charleston. Thus ended, with little loss on the part of the Carolinians, and with the death and capture of about three hundred of the enemy, this dreaded invasion of Le Fe boure. Johnson acquired fame for his ability and courage. The expense to Carolina was about eight thousand pounds. A large number of Palatines (1710) arrived and settled near the Roanoke, in Albemarle and Bath counties. The increasing population of the English, and their gradual encroachments on the Indians, rather than any ill treatment of the whites towards the savages, were. probably the principal causes, on the part of the Indians, of a design they meditated, in 1712, of secretly attacking and assassinating all the whites in the northern parts of Carolina. The Corees, Tuscaroras and other tribes, fortified their principal town, and sallied from it in parties to the amount of about twelve hundred bowmen, determined, on a night mutually fixed for the purpose, to destroy all the whites. No suspicion of their intention was entertained. The houses of the planters were entered, and indiscriminate slaughter ensued. On the Roanoke one hundred and seven settlers were butchered in one night. The alarm being given, most of the families met in one place, and were guarded by the militia. Information was sent, as soon as possible, to Charleston. The assembly there, voted four thousand pounds for the service; and sent six hundred militia, and three hundred and sixty friendly Indians, for their relief. With much difficulty Colonel Barnwell, who commanded, explored his way through the wilderness that then separated the southern from the northern settlements. He attacked the Tuscaroras, unexpectedly on their part; killed about three hundred, and made one hundred prisoners. Those who survived, sought refuge in their fortified town: but here they were attacked by Barnwell: a great number were killed, and the rest sued for peace. About a thousand of the Tuscaroras, in this war, were killed or taken prisoners; the survivors, soon after, left their country, and united with the Iroquois. A public bank, issuing forty-eight thousand pounds, was established by the assembly, to defray the expenses of this war. The bills issued were let out at interest, and made a legal tender: four thousand pounds of the principal to be annually paid. The plan had, however, an injurious effect; the bills, in a short time, greatly depreciating. Three years after, (1715,) the Yamassees, a large Indian tribe, made the same attempt on the southern as had been before made on the northern plantations. Ninety persons were murdered at Pocataligo. The northern planters were attacked at the same time, by all the tribes from Florida to Cape Fear, they being engaged in the conspiracy. Charleston itself was in danger. Governor Craven laid an embargo, proclaimed martial law, obtained leave of the assembly to arm negroes, impress men, and seize arms and stores. Ninety horsemen, trusting to a faithless Indian guide, were led into an ambush and killed. A hundred and thirty whites and blacks, attacked in a defenceless breastwork, capitulated; and, on admitting the savages, were all murdered. Meanwhile the Yamassees were pressing towards Charleston. Governor Craven, with twelve hundred men, marched to meet them. A severe engagement took place. The Indians were defeated; driven beyond the Savannah, and dispersed. In this war, about four hundred of the Carolinians were slain. The Yamassees were expelled the province, and took refuge among the Spanish in Florida. The coast had been for some time infested by pirates; till the governor, (1715) Johnson, and Rhet, after des E perate engagements, succeeded in taking two of the principal vessels; brought them and forty-two of the buccaneers, to Charleston, where they were all tried, and all, excepting one, were hung. 1719. The Carolinians having become extremely dissatisfied with the proprietors, drew up a subscription in which they agreed to support each other in opposition to the supposed arbitrary conduct of the proprietors and their officers, and in defence of their own rights and privileges. Almost every inhabitant had signed this agreement before the governor, R. Johnson, was aware of it. • The assembly met, and sent a committee to the governor, requesting him to accept of the government of the province under the king, instead of the proprietors. The governor delayed an answer, though determined not to accept. Some time after, the president of the assembly and its members sent him an address, repeating their request. He peremptorily refused. The assembly then chose Colonel James Moore for governor, under the crown; who was proclaimed as such, in spite of the opposition of Johnson. An agent, who had been sent to England for the purpose, laid the subject before the privy council, who were of opinion that the proprietors had forfeited their charter; and appointed Francis Nicholson provisional governor under the crown, who was received with much satisfaction. The Yamassees continuing to molest the settlements, Colonel Palmer, (1725,) with about four hundred militia and friendly Indians, marched to St. Augustine, drove the inhabitants into the castle, destroyed provisions, took away cattle, burnt almost every house in the colony, and killed and took prisoners a considerable number of the savages. An agreement was made (1729) between the proprietors and the crown; and the former, for the sum of seventeen thousand five hundred pounds sterling, surrendered to the crown their right and interest both to the government and the soil. The province was now divided into North and South Carolina; which were |