Mr. HENDRICKSON. The actual figure as given by the report is $320,400,000, and that has all been made available by the United Kingdom. It was voted. Mr. JONKMAN. As well as our $800 million. Mr. HENDRICKSON. Exactly. We can draw upon the whole amount. Mr. JONKMAN. The figures given me total about $1,281 million, as actually available. Mr. HENDRICKSON. Counting the United States at $800 million, that is exactly right. When we use the figure $1,800 million, we are using the authorization, counting the United Staes as $1,350 million, but of the $1,350 million, $800 million is actually available, so your figure is about correct. Mr. JONKMAN. Is that cash actually made available to UNRRA? Mr. HENDRICKSON. Well, cash in this sense-that the contribution to UNRRA is usually thought of in terms of about 10 percent being available in the form of foreign exchange for expenditure elsewhere and 90 percent, or roughly that, being really a credit on which you draw for supplies in that country. ACTUAL EXPENDITURES Mr. JONKMAN. Can you tell me how much of that $1,800 million has already been expended? Mr. HENDRICKSON. I would like to correct the figures on that, but I would say, taking into account what we have shipped, what is on the high seas, what is under contract, and what is covered by allocations where you have to back up your allocations by being willing to put a requisition in, and taking all the countries into account, somewhere in the neighborhood of $600 or $650 million at the present time. I would like to check that figure for the record, if I may. NATURE OF EXPENDITURES Mrs. BOLTON. What has that money been expended for-tractors, and so forth? Mr. HENDRICKSON. For a variety of supplies based on the requirements of these countries, as drawn up by the countries themselves and screened and passed upon by representatives. It tends to run something like this: roughly in the magnitude of 30 to 40 percent is food— where we are having our greatest difficulty at this time. Then we have trucks at the present time. We have considered trucks almost as the No. 1 priority because if you can get the trucks in there you are then in a position to utilize their coal supplies. We have been laying a good deal of emphasis on seeds, although they are not an expensive item, and they are fairly well available. A good many tractors have come from Canada, the United Kingdom, and some from the United States, and a good deal of repair materials, as well as some fertilizer. We have been taking about 30,000 tons of nitrate out of Chile during June and July for four of these countries. Then there is a certain amount of clothing and shoes, but they are in very tight supply, and we are trying as well as possible to put that on the basis of raw cotton and raw wool. Mrs. BOLTON. Those that you have gotten over there-are they being used? Mr. HENDRICKSON. They are being used. There is no question about that, although it has been hard enough to get enough trucks into the early part of the program so that the movement inland was from the very beginning sluggish, and very difficult, even though transport arrangements were made to run the trucks about 22 hours a day for the most part. That has been the slowest item and the most difficult item of all. EFFECTIVENESS OF UNRRA: GREECE, YUGOSLAVIA, POLAND, AND Mrs. BOLTON. We have so many reports that UNRRA gets to the border but she gets no further. Mr. HENDRICKSON. I think that I have ample evidence to indicate that it is getting well beyond there. I would be glad to give you data with respect to the individual countries, as I know the situation. In the case of Greece, which I visited in March, at that time the number of trucks was very small and the number of indigenous trucks was extremely limited. There was some tendency for them to accumulate in the warehouses. Their situation has been improved in the last 2 or 3 months. I do not think that there is any jamming at the warehouses at all. In the case of Yugoslavia, there were only ports open to us on the Dalmatian coast. The roads were destroyed and the bridges were in bad shape, and the railroads were utterly useless, so it was a matter of great difficulty to move supplies. When I was in that vicinity the greatest distance inland that the trucks had been able to carry their loads was 130 miles. Since that time that situation has improved, and Trieste is supposed to be opened to us, and the Belzos-Trieste Railroad, so that will give relief. In the case of Poland and Czechoslovakia we have had only one port open to us to use, which is Constanza in Romania. Formerly Constanza could take only 11 boats, but this coming month it will take 13 boats. We know that the material has gotten back because we have good information from representatives of both governments as to the reception. TRACTORS AND MILITARY SUPPLIES Mrs. BOLTON. How many tractors and big units of farm machinery have been shipped to Greece? Mr. HENDRICKSON. I am afraid that I cannot give you that figure from memory. Mrs. BOLTON. Can you supply that information for us? Mr. HENDRICKSON. I will be glad to supply it. I would say-and I do not believe I would be off by over 200-about 1,600 tractors for Greece. Mrs. BOLTON. Large tractors? Mr. HENDRICKSON. The biggest share of those tractors are the small Fords from England. Mrs. BOLTON. How many are on order to go? Mr. HENDRICKSON. This is a subject little understood, and I would like to have the privilege of putting it into the record. Mrs. BOLTON. Are our farmers getting any of them? Chairman BLOOM. Are you using any of the military trucks and supplies? Mr. HENDRICKSON. We are anxious to. Thus far we have had very great difficulty. Chairman BLOOM. What is being done with them? Mr. HENDRICKSON. We have not been able to get surplus trucks so far. RUSSIAN COOPERATION Chairman BLOOM. How about Russia? Have they given you permission to go through countries like Poland? Mr. HENDRICKSON. We have received transit visas from the Russian Government in the past week for the movement of our special delegation into Poland, where this delegation of some 12 or 13 people will visit and work with the Government and size up the situation on need, and so on. Chairman BLOOM. That has been delayed for about 6 months? USE OF MILITARY TRUCKS Mr. Cox. Regarding excess trucks, discussions have been had with the Army. They have already agreed to make 16,000 available, of which a share will go to UNRRA. Chairman BLOOM. What I do not understand, Mr. Cox, is that you have the trucks; the Army is not using them. Why the delay? We believe [blame] Russia for not giving us permission to go through Poland-[but] we have the trucks. The Army is not using them. Why do we have so much negotiation? Mr. Cox. The Army is using them because they have over 3 million men over there, and they have agreed gradually, as the need for redeployment falls off, to make the trucks available for Europe under a procedure which will make them available promptly. While they were waiting to find out the results of their survey of the situation, they agreed to make 16,000 available, and they will probably make more available in the near future on the basis of trucks over there, instead of carting them back to the United States, if they are not required for redeployment. They can be effectively used [in Europe]. ANTI-COMMUNIST ASPECTS OF ITALIAN AID Chairman BLOOM. Mr. McCormack and several others are very much interested in Italy. I would like to get back to Italy and find out just what we can do to give some assurance that Italy, when the military moves out, will receive some help so as to not allow communism to get a start and destroy that government completely, and we should give some assurance that something is going to be done. May I say at this point that I want to get this in the record with reference to the remarks that Mrs. Bolton made about "pro-Russia" with regard to UNRRA. There is no question that Mr. Lehman is not pro-Russian, or that Mr. Sayre is not pro-Russian, and the other Jeaders of UNRRA. I wanted to get that into the record. 8 Mr. Herbert H. Lehman, formerly Governor of New York, was the Director General of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Mr. Francis B. Sayre, formerly Special Assistant to the Secretary of State and Deputy Director of the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations, was Diplomatic Adviser, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. POLITICAL VIEWS OF UNRRA EMPLOYEES IN ITALY Mr. HENDRICKSON. I want to say that I would like very much, because Mrs. Bolton's question was left untouched, so to speak, to go into that question. I would be glad to go into it at this time or at some other time. That type of story is very commonplace and we have very limited opportunity to answer it. We are anxious to make the facts known. Mrs. BOLTON. On that basis, I would be very glad to have answers to give to people who bring me direct statements. There is a council of five in Italy. I would like to know who the personnel in Italy are; I would like to know their affiliations and their history. Then I will have something with which to answer these people. You are quite right. That is why I brought it up today. It gives us an opportunity to answer. Mr. HENDRICKSON. I cannot give you the data on the whole mission. The mission leadership is all from outside of Italy. We have a certain number of employees within Italy. The head of our mission in Italy is an unusually able man by the name of Sam Koenig, who had a great deal of relief experience after the last war, in Poland and central Europe, and who was a Rhodes scholar and has been for years the Director of Publications for the U.S. national YMCA, and who is a particularly level-headed and capable person. Mrs. BOLTON. I am sure that Mr. Hendrickson will give us that information. Chairman BLOOM. What are we going to do with Italy? Mr. ACHESON. I do not know how much further this committee wishes to go into it. AID ADMINISTRATION IN ITALY-WITH AND WITHOUT THE ARMY Mr. McCORMACK. You say that the FEA is going to administer this $100 million? Mr. ACHESON. The FEA and the Army. The Army requisitions from the FEA. I should also add that both the British and the Canadian Governments Chairman BLOOм. The Army is going out of Italy. Then what will happen? Mr. ACHESON. The Army, I suppose, will go out sooner or later, but at the present time the Army, through the Allied Control Commission, at the present time supervises the amounts which are shipped in by the American Government, the British Government, and the Canadian Government. That is a military program. We are trying to look through what happens at the end of that program. I said that would probably come to an end in November or December. Mr. McCORMACK. You estimate there will be about $500 million needed for the 1946 program after the harvesting is over in Italy? Mr. ACHESON. Yes. Chairman BLOOм. That is not including the $100 million, or the $50 million? Mr. ACHESON. That is correct. Mr. VORYS. While the $100 million is available, it is not contemplated that it will all be spent in Italy? Mr. ACHESON. It is. Mr. VORYS. Out of how much? Mr. ACHESON. This is the lend-lease appropriation, which totals about $4,400 million. COAL SHORTAGES AND GERMAN COAL Mr. FLOOD. You talk about harvesting the crops. Is it not true that coal is going to be a terrific problem in Italy? Mr. Cox. It is already a problem. Mr. FLOOD. And it is getting progressively worse? Mr. Cox. All the evidence indicates that. Mr. FLOOD. I understand the European coal will be under the jurisdiction of a commission. The German coal area will be under French control. Mr. Cox. No. Most of it will be under British jurisdiction, which includes the Ruhr, and the Saar will be under French. Mr. FLOOD. The French will be in great need of coal as well. Mr. FLOOD. Do you have any idea when you are going to get Italian coal? It is going to be critical. What about Sardinian coal? Mr. Cox. Every step that humanly can be taken has been taken in the last several months and is being continued in terms of meeting the coal needs of Italy and Western Europe, all the way from getting as much production as possible out of the Ruhr and the Saar to seeing what could be done to step up Sardinian coal, which is low-grade coal-steps to see what can be done to step up the utilization of hydroelectric power as a substitute for coal. There is not any question but that it is the No. 1 critical issue in terms of all liberated Europe. Mr. FLOOD. That is true for manufacturing, industrial, as well as domestic heating uses. Coal is interrelated with wood and raw materials and transportation. They all go around in a circle. If you do not have the coal you cannot process the sugar beets, and they are just wasted. If you do not have the coal, you lack the locomotives to move the food from one area to another to feed the miners who produce the coal. POSSIBLE EXPORT OF U.S. COAL Mr. FLOOD. Are you examining the possibility of exporting, from the United States, hard and soft coal? Mr. Cox. Yes. Mr. FLOOD. In what form? Have you gone that far? Mr. Cox. That has been considered, and there have been exports of coal from the United States to Europe up to the present time-to Western Europe. The Allied armies have used more coal than has been imported into Western Europe, so there is a net deficit as a result of Allied military operations, but the Army and the FEA have been exporting some coal to Italy and to Western Europe, and that problem is now under consideration. Chairman BLOOM. Mr. McCormack, are you satisfied? Do you think that your people will be satisfied that we are trying to do the best we can for Italy? |