The Contradictory College: The Conflicting Origins, Impacts, and Futures of the Community CollegeSUNY Press, 01/01/1994 - 365 من الصفحات This book systematically analyzes the evidence on four key issues that have divided commentators on the community college: The community college's impact on students, business, and the universities; the factors behind its rise since 1900; the causes of its swift vocationalization after 1960; and what direction the community college should take in the future. |
المحتوى
THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES IMPORTANCE AND CONTROVERSIALITY | 3 |
The Debate over the Community College | 5 |
The Aims of This Book | 7 |
The Content of the Chapters | 9 |
THE DEBATE DEEPENED | 15 |
The Debate Over the Effects of the Community College | 16 |
The Debate Over Why Community Colleges Were Established | 22 |
The Debate Over Why Community Colleges Were Vocationalized | 29 |
Explaining the Homogeneity of Community College Expansion | 188 |
THE ORIGINS OF OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION | 189 |
THE VOCATIONALIZATION OF THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE INTRODUCTION | 191 |
The Timing of OccupationalEducation Development | 192 |
Studying the Process of Vocationalization | 193 |
Explaining the Expansion of Occupational Education | 195 |
LOCALLEVEL VOCATIONALIZATION COMMUNITY COLLEGE HEADS AS VOCATIONAL ENTREPRENEURS | 197 |
Business and Student Demand Are an Insufficient Explanation | 198 |
Summary and Conclusions | 35 |
OUTCOMES | 41 |
THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES IMPACT ON STUDENTS THE ECONOMY AND THE UNIVERSITIES | 43 |
The Impact on Business and the Economy | 44 |
The Impact on the Elite State Universities | 47 |
The Effect on Students | 49 |
Access to Higher Education | 50 |
Educational Attainment | 52 |
Economic Attainment | 57 |
Summary and Conclusions | 66 |
HOW DOES THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE HINDER BACCALAUREATE ATTAINMENT? | 83 |
Attrition in the Freshman and Sophomore Years | 85 |
Failure to Transfer to FourYear Colleges | 92 |
Attrition after Transfer | 97 |
Summary and Conclusions | 105 |
THE ORIGINS AND EXPANSION OF THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE | 113 |
THE FOUNDING OF COMMUNITY COLLEGES INTRODUCTION | 115 |
Studying the Founding of Community Colleges | 119 |
Explaining Community College Expansion | 124 |
LOCALLEVEL INSTITUTION BUILDING THE CENTRALITY OF LOCAL EDUCATORS | 127 |
Private Interest Group Pressure Was Not the Main Cause | 131 |
The Key Role of Local School Officials and Other Educators | 136 |
STATELEVEL ADVOCATES THE INTERESTS OF GOVERNORS AND STATE UNIVERSITY OFFICIALS | 145 |
How Involved Were Nongovernmental Actors? | 147 |
Government Agencies and Officials Weigh In | 155 |
NATIONALLEVEL REINFORCEMENT OF LOCAL AND STATE INITIATIVES | 175 |
The Limited Impact of Private Interest Group Pressure | 176 |
Governmental Initiative | 178 |
THE POLITICS OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE FOUNDING SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 183 |
Convergences and Divergences with the Institutional Perspective | 185 |
From Diverse Origins to Contradictory Effects | 186 |
Community College Officials Take the Lead | 209 |
STATE GOVERNORS AND LEGISLATORS DISCOVER OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION | 219 |
Business and Student Pressure Are Not the Explanation | 221 |
The Interests of Government Officials | 224 |
NATIONALLEVEL SUPPORT FOR VOCATIONALIZATION | 231 |
Governmental Initiative | 232 |
The Limited Impact of Private Pressure | 236 |
THE POLITICS OF VOCATIONALIZATION SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 239 |
Convergences and Divergences with the Institutional Perspective | 242 |
IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH | 243 |
FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE THE POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES IMPACT ON STUDENTS | 245 |
The Noncollegiate Program | 246 |
These Reforms Would Exacerbate the Problem | 248 |
Gutting General Education | 250 |
The Collegiate Program | 251 |
The Collegiate Reforms Detailed | 252 |
Increasing the Transfer Rate | 254 |
Reducing PostTransfer Attrition | 257 |
These Reforms Are Necessary but Insufficient | 260 |
Structural Reform | 262 |
Transforming Community Colleges into FourYear Colleges | 263 |
Converting Community Colleges into State University Branches | 266 |
Summary and Conclusions | 269 |
FROM RESEARCH TO THEORY IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL HISTORY AND POLITICS AND POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY | 273 |
Politics of Education | 282 |
Political Sociology | 284 |
Conclusion | 285 |
NOTES | 287 |
REFERENCES | 317 |
359 | |
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
AACC academic actors American Association associate's degree Association of Community autonomy theory baccalaureate aspirants baccalaureate degree bachelor's degree bandwagon effect Brint and Karabel business's Carnegie Carnegie Corporation Center for Education Chapter Chicago City Colleges Cohen and Brawer College of DuPage college's collegiate reformers Community College Board community college enrollments community college entrants community college expansion community college officials community college students community college system community college transfers Community Colleges Versus controls With controls courses critics demand Department of Education Education Statistics established federal Four-year college native functionalist government officials governors Grubb high school higher education Illinois Community College impact institutionalists institutions Jerome Karabel Junior College legislators Marxist nity college occupational education participation Percentage Pincus policymaking political private interest groups relative autonomy Richardson and Bender role social theory transfer students U.S. National Center university branches University of California vocational education vocationalization Washington York