Nothing could furpass the strictness which prevailed in every quarter where the fugitive nobility are received; and if I might draw conclufions refpecting the country at large from what I fee around me, reftraint of opinion is exiled with those who owed to its exiftence their guilty pre-eminence.

The day after our arrival was rendered festive by a new enrolment of national guards. This was formed out of the citizens above the age of eighteen years, and was effected without the least symptom of disorder. Beside the guard thus regularly embodied, the citizens are seen every evening in different parts of the town, learning, against an emergency, the use of arms. It certainly is animating to read, in a thousand confpicuous places, proclamations fetting forth the right of private judgment; allowing to every man the free exercise of his opinion in matters of religion; and establishing to each individual the liberty of adopting that mode of worship he best approves.

This would, however, be nugatory and ridiculous, were the flightest encouragement given to contumacy and diforder. This has been faid out of the country; but the contrary has appeared wherever I have enquired. I read upon the door of the cathedral at Strasburg an advertisement, which stated, That a young man having behaved improperly in the cathedral during the performance of divine service; and, after admonition from the centinel, perfifted in a conduct unbecoming the folemnity of the place and occafion, was, by the officers of the police, sentenced to imprisonment for this infult of VOL. XXXVIIL

fered to religious worship." This accords but ill with a toleration of disorder.

Account of the Public Eating-houses at Vienna. From the fame.

In

In all these houses the custom is, to give every man his portion feparate ; infomuch that though numbers dine at the fame table, they seldom dine in common. almost all the dining-houses here, a bill of fare, containing a vast collection of dishes, is written out, and the prices affixed to each article. As the people of Vienna eat of variety, the calculation at the conclusion of the repast would appear fomewhat embarraffing; this, however, is done by mechanical, habit with great speed. The cuftom is for the party who has dined, to name the dishes, his quantity of bread and wine. The keller, who attends on this occafion, follows every article you name, with the sum which this adds to the calculation; and the whole is performed, to whatever amount, without ink or paper. It is curious to hear this ceremony, which is muttered with great gravity, yet performed with accuracy and dispatch. It is inconceivable how numerous these houses are in Vienna, to which we have in England nothing that corresponds exactly. There is something remarkably pleasant in this mode of living. An evening seldom passes in these houses without music, and the German dances have an air of vivacity and cheerfulness superior to all others.

I have been often regaled by a fstrolling band at one of these houses; where, deeming myself totally unknown, I was accustomed

to pass an evening hour. I usually entered them, wrapped in my cloak, and took my feat in a corner of the room, where I might register what paffed without attracting notice. A principal part of my amusement arose from the warm debates of fome worthy citizens, who, having dispatched the business of the day, were relaxing their minds with a little politics. I was diverted to hear these great perfonages regulating the affairs of empires-leading the combined armies into the heart of France, by a shorter cut than the Duke of Brunswick had taken-making the rebels own their lawful king, and receive their expatriated princes. I had remarked every night that I frequented one house, a little man of uncouth figure, and unpropitious phyfiognomy; and had observed him conftantly twirling a large key over his finger, whenever he entered into converfation, and ftriking this forcibly against the table, when he wished to establish his argument or filence his adverfary. I was aftonished to find so much wit and pleafantry in his difcourse. He rallied with much vivacity all nations, and all governments-but his own. He thought that France and Switzerland, which boatted of the pureft conftitutions, had lefs - liberty than the Auftrians, whose conftitution of government he owned was the worst. "In Switzerland," said he, "a man cannot speak his fentiments without hazard of imprisonment, nor in France without the danger of decapitation; while in Vienna a man may indulge himself in all freedom of remark, and runs no risk, till he lends his aid to plots, cabals, and confpiracies."

There are, however, discontents at Vienna; and, were there all that freedom of speech on which the orator infisted, the coffee-houses would resound with the complaints and remonftrances of the people. On the various topics he ran over, he expressed himself with great vehemence, took much snuff, and smote frequently with his key. Some intelligence which I picked up from the house has acquainted me, that he has lately married a very pretty woman; and that every evening when he leaves her, he locks the door, and pockets the key. I will make no apology for these colorings after nature-however remote from the splendid scenes of life: my fortune has at present thrown me into those walks of society, where higher incidents

cannot occur.

The Life and Writings of the Abbé Barthelemy: by the Duke de Nivernois.

John James Barthelemy was born January 20, 1716, at Caffis, a small fea-port in Provence, situated between Toulon and Marseilles; his family had long been established at Aubagne, a pleasant town in that neighbourhood, where they were much respected; his mother, Magdalen Raftit, was the daughter of a merchant at Caffis; he loft her at four years of age. At 12, his father fent him to school at Marseilles, where he made some progress in his studies under the Pere Renaud, at the college of the Oratoire; but, being deftined for the church, and M. de Belzunce, the bishop of Marseilles, objecting to admit the students of that seminary into orders, he was removed

ed with regret to the college of the Jefuits: there he fell into bad hands, and was therefore happily induced to form a plan of study for himself, independent of the profeffors of the college, and devoted himself to the study of the antient languages, the Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, and Chaldean, with so great ardour, that it nearly cost him his life; nor did he recover his health till the period of his entering the seminary in which he received the tonfure. There he became intimately acquainted with a young Maronite, who had been educated at Rome, and now refided with his uncle, a Turkish merchant, at Marseilles, from whom he acquired a fundamental knowledge of the Arabic language, and learned to speak it with facility. By the recommendation of this young man, he got by heart several Arabic fermons, which he preached to a congregation of Arabian and Armenian Catholics, who did not understand the French language. After he had finished his academic studies, Barthelemy retired to Aubagne, where he refided fome time, often paying vifits at Marseilles to those learned academicians with whom a fimilarity of literary purfuits had naturally connected him; among the rest, with M. Cary a great collector of medals, and with Pere Sigaloux, of the convent of Minims, with whom he studied astronomy.

In 1744, he went to Paris with a letter of recommendation to M. de Boze, keeper of the cabinet of medals, and fecretary of the acade my of Infcriptions and Belles Lettres; by whom he was very kindly received, and introduced to the most diftinguithed members of the academy. The age and infirmities of M. de Boze calling for fome affift.

ance in his laborious occupation, he pitched upon Barthelemy for an affociate in the care and arrangement of the cabinet; and his appointment was confirmed by M. de Maurepas, minister of that department. Barthelemy loft no time in arranging in perfect order the large and valuable collection of M. D'Etrees and the Abbé de Rothelin, which lay in confufed heaps' in boxes. These he feparated, compared, and described in a fupplementary catalogue. While he was thus occupied in a manner so congenial to his taste and his talents, he was apprehenfive he should be drawn off from these pursuits to enter on a very different career. His friend and countryman, M. de Bauffet, had engaged to promote him in the church; and, being now bishop of Béziers, invited him to accept the office of his vicar-general. Barthelemy, having promised to follow the fortunes of his friend, had no intention of retracting his engagement; but, wishing to be releafed from it, and to be left at liberty to follow his favourite studies, he fubmitted himself entirely to the decifion of the worthy prelate, whe had too much good fenfe, and too warm an affection for his friend, not to comply with his wifhes.

In 1747, on the death of M. Burette, he was elected affociate of the academy of infcriptions, M. le Beau having very handfomely de. clined in his favour: and when M. de Bougainville refigned the office of fecretary, and recommended Barthelemy to M. D'Argenfon as his fucceffor, Barthelemy, with equal generofity, yielded to M. le Beau, to whom he afterwards fucceeded; and his annual labours in that office were in no degree check

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ed

ed by the daily and laborious orcupations, in which he was engaged in the cabinet of Medals, and in which he displayed fuch critical acumen and profound erudition.

In 1753, on the death of M. de Boze, with whom he had been affociated for feven years, he was made keeper of the cabinet of medals, to which office he was promoted, notwithstanding some oppofition, by the zeal of his illuftrious friends, M. de Malesherbes, M. de Stainville, afterwards minifter and Duc de Choiseul, and M. de Gontacq, brother to the last Maréchal de Biron.

In 1754, M. de Stainville, being appointed ambaffador at Rome, invited Barthelemy to accompany him to Italy; an offer which his duty and avocations would not permit him to accept. In the year 1755, however, he was enabled to take this journey with his friend M. de Cotte; and his refidence in Italy was made particularly agreeable by the continuance of M. de Stainville, who introduced him to the amiable and celebrated Pope Benedict XIV.

At Naples

he became acquainted with Mazocchi, who was then occupied in the task of unfolding the numerous antient MSS. that had been found in Herculaneum. Mazocchi had decyphered two or three, which containing matter of little importance, the work was on the point of being abandoned at that time but for the zealous encouragement of Barthelemy, who, if the Marquis Carraciola, then minifter at Naples, and who had the matter much at heart, had lived, would certainly have been the means of the work's going on with ardour and effect. As a proof of Barthe

came

lemy's retentive powers; having applied in vain for the liberty to copy one of these manufcripts, in order to fend a fac fimile of the antient writing to the learned in France, and, being only fuffered to examine it, he read it over attentively five or fix times, and, suddenly leaving the apartment, copied the fragment from memory, and correcting, when he back, some flight errors, he sent it the fame day to the academy of Belles Lettres; enjoining secrecy, however, that no blame might attach to Mazocchi. At Rome he had the pleasure and honour to give a new and fatisfactory explanation of the beautiful Mofaic of Palestina, which is printed in the thirteenth volume of the academy of infcriptions.

M. de Stainville, on his return to Paris in 1757, being named to the embaffy of Vienna, Barthelemy joined him there with Madame de Stainville, who had remained behind at Rome: and a very flattering offer was then made him to undertake a voyage to Greece, and up the Levant, at the king's expence; but he declined it, as incompatible with the duties of his office.

In 1758, M. de Stainville, then Duc de Choiseul, having fucceeded to the miniftry in the room of Cardinal de Bernis, he determined to provide for Barthelemy; which he accordingly did, by granting him fucceffively penfions on the archbishoprick of Abby, and upon the treasury of St. Martin of Tours, and finally, the place of fecretarygeneral of the Swiss; befides which, he enjoyed a penfion of 5000 livres on the Mercure.

In 1771, M. de Choiseul was displaced in the miniftry by M. D'Aiguillon,