shows that in 1800 the working men and women started work in the morning at 4 o'clock, at 10 o'clock they had an hour for lunch and at 3 o'clock an hour for dinner, from which time they worked until darkness. As late as 1836 women and children begun work in some factories in New England at 4:30 in the morning and worked an hour or two after sunset. One hundred years ago the bricklayers in New York worked 14 hours a day for 50 cents a day; today they have an eight-hour work day at CO cents an hour. It is said that a union man named Michael Menton wrote a letter to one of the papers describing the condition of the bricklayers and while all of his charges were found to be true, he was arrested for libel and sentenced to 60 days in jail. Hence, to even say a word in defense of labor in those days was a crime. The original American factories were governed by the most outrageous and oppressive regulations, in which regulations the worker had no voice. There was a time in the history of this country when the workers were taxed to support the curches and fined if habitually absent from religious worship. Some able writers and historians have clearly proven that in 'some factories women and children were lashed with a rawhide if the overseer detected them snatching a moment's rest. Herbert N. Casson says the City of Washington was built by workers who received about 50 cents a day and worked from sunrise to sunset; that at the commencement of the 19th century, wages in New York were 40 cents a day; in Baltimore, 36 cents, and that the average rate all over the country was $65.00 a year, with board and sometimes lodging. These frightful conditions, low wages, long hours, poverty and degredation have been gradually overcome and steadily improved through trade union activity. In a great many organized trades the worker receives more in one month at eight hours labor per day than was formerly received by similar workmen in one whole year.-Cigarmakers' Journal. FURTHERUPTOWN! Tired to death, but walking fast, Along Broadway one night, there passed A youth, who bore a pretty nice Umbrella, with this strange device, "Furtheruptown!" His anxious eyes and weary feet Hunted the houses in each street; And like a New Year's fish-horn rung The accents of that unknown tongue "Furtheruptown!" Baltimore Local No. 2 Baltimore, Md., May 4, 1906. Editor Horseshoers' Magazine:-At a regular meeting of the Journeymen Horseshoers' Union No. 2 of Baltimore, Md., the following resolution was adopted: Whereas, we the members of Journeymen Horseshoers' Union No, 2, have learned of the awful catastrophe that has befallen the city of San Francisco involving an incalculable loss of human life and an immense damage to property beyond the conception of human mind, and whereas the awful holocaust of fire has been added to the sudden and terrible ruin of an earthquake visited upon its people, be it Resolved, that we, the Journeymen Horseshoers' Union No. 2, do hereby record and express our sincere sympathy for the sufferers from the awful catastrophe that has come upon the city and do tender the residents and the membership of Local No. 25 of San Francisco any and all assistance that may be within our power and be it further resolved that a copy of these resolutions be sent to Local No. 25, and the International Magazine. I am fraternally yours, EDWARD LEARY, Rec. Sec. No less than $1.00 worth sent of the above three Address Secretary, ROADY KENEHAN, 1548 Wazee Street, Denver, Colorado. Officers of the U.S. I. U. J. H. of the U. S. and Canada SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT..... .HUBERT S. MARSHALL 1125 Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT AND GENERAL ORGANIZER. 583 Monroe Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 426 Sycamore Street, Milwaukee, Wis. 2151⁄2 Pearl Street, Pittsburg, Penn. 1548 Wazee Street, Denver, Colo. THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT. SECRETARY-TREASURER JEREMIAH CRONIN.. E. W. ENRIGHT. JOHN MANSON... Board of Arbitration ..JAMES J. SEXTON .JOHN MANSON .ROADY KENEHAN .15 Hall Street, Jamaica Plains, Boston, Mass. ..493 Mount Vernon Street, Columbus, Ohio ...583 Monroe Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. .426 Sycamore Street, Milwaukee, Wis .215 Pearl Street, Pittsburg, Penn. Delegates to the A. F. of L. at San Francisco No. of Union. Deputies and Corresponding Secretaries 1-New York City, Daniel Sheehan, 550 Broome St. 2-Baltimore, Md., Harry Twist, 604 S. Sharp St. 3-St. Louis, Mo., Chas. Calvert, 1843 Division St. 4-Chicago, Ill., John O'Hare, 3430 Parnell Ave. 6-Boston, Mass., J. Cronin, 15 Hall St., Jamaica Plains. 6-Philadelphia, Pa., Ed Quinlivan, 2216 Myrtle St. 7-Brooklyn, N. Y., A. Reany, 355 De Kalb Ave. 8-New York City, N. Y., 9-Pittsburg, Pa., John Manson, 215% Pearl. 10-Toledo, Ohio, Eugene Myers, 2145 Ashland Ave. 11-Milwaukee, Wis., Fred Harris, 426 Sycamore St. 12-Cincinnati, Ohio, H. Marshall, 1125 Vine St. 13-Detroit, Mich., M.Redmond, 683 12th St. 14 Hartford, Conn., E. J. Donaldson, 14 Talcott St. 15-Cleveland, Ohio, J. Pollit, 15 Kane St. 16 Springfield, Mass., I. F. Sullivan, 78 Franklin St. 17-Washington, D. C., M. J. Collins, 1207 Potomac St. 18 Kansas City, Mo., Secretary, P. O. Box 457. 19-Omaha, Neb., W. B. Hanwod, 3508 N. 28th St. 20 Brooklyn, N. Y. R. J. Newcombe, 25 Rector St. 23-Buffalo, N. Y., D. Corbett, 435 Louisiana St. 24-Indianapolis, Ind., John Holmes, 428 Blake St. 25-San Francisco, Cal., Timothy Sullivan, 328 Castro St. 26-New Haven, Conn., Harry A. Cook, 553 State St. 27-Minneapolis, Minn., A. E. Raymond, 1500 4th St. South. 28-St. Paul, Minn., C. S. Beurman, 429 Selby Ave. 29-Denver, Colo., Steve Carmody, 3311 Walnut St. 30-Providence, R. I., A. McCormack, 159 Hudson St. 31-Worcester, Mass., P. J. O'Connor, 91 Green St. 32-St. Joseph, Mo. 33-Quincy, IlI. 34 Grand Rapids, Mich., A. Kennedy, 152 N. Jonia St. 35 Lynn, Mass. 36-Syracuse, N. Y., J. H. McCluskey, 1514 Lode St. 37-Louisville, Ky., J. E. Roberts, 911 W. Jefferson. C. C. Seely, 567 Hernando St. 39-Tacoma, Wash., Carl Slick, P. O. Box 692. 40-Columbus, Ohio, E. W. Enright, 493 Mt. Vernon St 41-Portland, Oregon, 42-Lowell, Mass. Thos. Finnerty, 92 Common St. 43-Seattle, Wash. A. Baird, P. O. B. 396. 44 Rochester, N, Y., C. Schmitt, 477 Main St. E. 45-Oakland, Cal., E. I. Banett, 555 4th St. 46-Troy, N. Y., C. E. Sheffer, Box 103. 47-Sacramento, Cal., G. W. Miller, 1011 10th St. 48-Des Moines, la., Wm. H. Kaiser, 714 No. Grand. 49-Toronto, Canada, Chas. McIntosh, 24 Regent St. 50 Atlanta, Ga., R. F. Afolds, 339 Magnolia St. 51-Rock Island, Ill. 52-La Crosse, Wis., Peter Moran, 1305 Johnson St. 53-Portland, Me. 54 Peoria, III., Ed. Donovan, 206 Liberty St. 55-Albany, N. Y., P. J. O'Brien, 229 Clinton Ave. 56-South Bend, Ind., 57-Auburn, N. Y., Louis Stanton, 5 Cady St. 58 San Jose, Cal., W. Lamb, 19 So. San Pedro St. |