is dimmed, if we trail in the dust the golden hopes of men. If on this new continent we merely build another country of great but unjustly divided material prosperity, we shall have done nothing; and we shall do as little if we merely set the greed of envy against the greed of arrogance, and thereby destroy the material well-being of all of us. To turn this Government either into government by a plutocracy or government by a mob, would be to repeat on a larger scale the lamentable failures of the world that is dead.

We stand against all tyranny, by the few or by the many. We stand for the rule of the many in the interest of all of us, for the rule of the many in a spirit of courage, of common sense, of high purpose; above all, in a spirit of kindly justice toward every man and every woman. We not merely admit, but insist, that there must be selfcontrol on the part of the people, that they must keenly perceive their own duties as well as the rights of others; but we also insist that the people can do nothing unless they not merely have, but exercise to the full, their own rights.

The worth of our great experiment depends upon its being in good faith an experiment - the first that has ever been tried in true democracy on the scale of a continent, on a scale as vast as that of the mightiest empires of the Old World. Surely this is a noble ideal, an ideal for which it is worth while to strive, an ideal for which at need it is worth while to sacrifice much; for our ideal is the rule of all the people in a spirit of friendliest brotherhood toward each and every one of the people.

LOOK UP, LOOK FORTH, AND ON!1

BAYARD TAYLOR (1825-1878)

Look up, look forth, and on!

There's light in the dawning sky:
The clouds are parting, the night is gone:
Prepare for the work of the day!
Fallow thy pastures lie,

And far thy shepherds stray,
And the fields of thy vast domain
Awaiting for purer seed

Of knowledge, desire, and deed,
For keener sunshine and mellower rain!
But keep thy garments pure:
Pluck them back, with the old disdain,
From touch of the hands that stain!
So shall thy strength endure.
Transmute into good the gold of Gain,
Compel to beauty thy ruder powers,
Till the bounty of coming hours
Shall plant, on thy fields apart,
With the oak of Toil, the rose of Art!
Be watchful, and keep us so:
Be strong, and fear no foe:

Be just, and the world shall know!
With the same love love us, as we give;

And the day shall never come,

1 The author was an American journalist and man of letters, writer of many volumes, chiefly accounts of travel. He gave to the American people their first intimate and popular view of many foreign lands.

From "The National Ode," delivered in Independence Square, Philadelphia, July 4, 1876. From facsimile copy sent by the author to Joseph R. Osgood & Co., Boston, July 5, 1876.

That finds us weak or dumb
To join and smite and cry
In the great task, for thee to die,

And the greater task, for thee to live!

THE SHIP OF STATE1

HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807-1882)

Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State !
Sail on, O Union, strong and great!
Humanity, with all its fears,

With all the hopes of future years,
Is hanging breathless on thy fate!
We know what Master laid thy keel,
What Workman wrought thy ribs of steel,
Who made each mast and sail and rope,
What anvils rang, what hammers beat,
In what a forge and what a heat
Were shaped the anchors of thy hope!
Fear not each sudden sound and shock,
'Tis of the wave and not the rock;
'Tis but the flapping of the sail,
And not a rent made by the gale!
In spite of rock and tempest's roar,
In spite of false lights on the shore,
Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea!
Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee,
Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears,
Our faith triumphant o'er our fears,

Are all with thee, are all with thee!

1 From "The Building of the Ship," in Longfellow's Poetical Works, Vol. I. Copyright, 1886, by Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Used by permission of the publishers.

A BASIS FOR WORLD DEMOCRACY 1

DAVID STARR JORDAN (1851- )

Through the ages, says Barbusse, "the people are nothing; they should be everything." 2 This epigram of the French soldier may well be a watchword of democracy. The modern world, to accept the current paraphrase from Lincoln, "cannot endure half-slave, half-free," that is, half of it under government "of the people, by the people, for the people," half of it subject to irresponsible oligarchies, parasitic on the people through the "divine right of kings." Wherever arbitrary power exists, it will be used in arbitrary ways. The only antidote to its abuses is to be found in government by the people. This is no instantaneous remedy, to be applied once for all. It is a process of growth. The people must feel their way, learning from their own mistakes, building their loftier ideals on the wreckage of past hopes.

It matters little what the shortcomings of democracy are. The essential thing is progress in enlightenment and justice; the way leads through freedom. No people ever had a government better than it deserved. It is a quality of democracy always to deserve something better. A perfect government would be superfluous. As Goethe once observed, "The best government is that which renders itself. unnecessary." The besetting sin

1 Dr. Jordan, a noted scientist and publicist, was first president and the builder of Leland Stanford Junior University. From "Democracy and World Relations." Copyright, 1918, by World Book Company, Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York. "Les peuples, c'est rien; et ça devrait être tout; une phrase historique vieille de plus d'un siècle."

of most governments which endeavor to be good is that they attempt too many things the people should do for themselves. The highest duty of government is to keep the road unobstructed so that each man can make his own way for himself.

...

In democracy the freedom of the individual is vital, -equally so its necessary limitation, non-interference with the liberty of others. The same principle should obtain in financial and commercial relations as well. The freedom for which our fathers contended was freedom of the soul, not unrestrained license to control or oppress, whether through accumulated wealth or wide-ranging combination. By some means, labor must become as free as the wealth it produces, and human life must be as highly cherished as property.

It is certain that the war will bring many changes inside and outside the various nations. Universal revolution is ahead of us and maybe universal collapse. Nevertheless, it is to be hoped that the inevitable upheavals, bidding fair to stir society to its depths, shall be bloodless, and yet sweep away precisely those institutions which most impede social advance.

Democracy may not necessarily build up great states, but permanent greatness can rest on no other foundation than democracy. In the future the people must indeed be everything. That nation is great which to its rank and file "means opportunity" and which, further, breeds men capable of seizing the opportunities that arise.

As the war goes on, we glimpse the dawn of a larger freedom. "War to end war" now looks forward to the achievement of a "clean peace" on the basis of a "new morality" among nations, a settlement in which no selfish interests, national or personal, shall prevail and