Moral Dilemmas: Philosophical and Psychological Issues in the Development of Moral ReasoningCarol Gibb Harding Transaction Publishers, 01/01/1985 - 198 من الصفحات Dilemmas are often thought to be unresolvable situations, typically having equally abhorrant alternatives. In everyday affairs however one must not only face moral dilemmas but live through them by making moral choices. This book is a study of dilemmas, choices, and the process of reasoning that goes into both. Contents: Carol Harding, "The Psychological Reality of Moral Dilemmas"; Marvin W. Berkowitz, "Four Perspectives on Moral Argumentation"; Georg Lind, "Growth and Regression in Cognitive-Moral Development of Young University Students"; Lawrence Kohlberg, "The Just Community Approach of High School Moral Education"; Larry P. Nucci, "Children's Conceptions of Morality, Societal Convention, and Religious Prescription"; Larry May, "The Moral Adequacy of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory"; Marilyn Friedman, "Abraham, Socrates, and Heinz: Where Are the Women? Care and Context in Moral Reasoning"; Laurence Hunman, "The Emotions and the Development of Moral Awareness." |
المحتوى
| 1 | |
Abraham Socrates and Heinz Where are the Women? Care and Context in Moral Reasoning | 25 |
Intention Contradiction and the Recognition of Dilemmas | 43 |
Emotion Morality and Understanding | 57 |
Resolving Moral Conflicts within the Just Community | 71 |
Growth and Regression in CognitiveMoral Development of Young University Students | 99 |
The Moral Adequacy of Kohlbergs Moral Development Theory | 115 |
Childrens Conceptions of Morality Societal Convention and Religious Prescription | 137 |
Religious Dilemmas The Development of Religious Judgment | 175 |
Index | 193 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
actions adequate alternative American Philosophical Association Amish Argyris aspects behavior believe Berkowitz Catholics cheating choice cognitive collective norm conceptions of morality concern conflict context criteria development of moral Developmental perspective developmental psychology druggist emotions Ethical Euthyphro example form of moral function fundamentalist Christian Gibbs Gilligan God's Habermas HEAD COVERING Heinz dilemma higher stage human ical ideal individual integrative interpretation interview justice Kohlberg claims Lawrence Kohlberg Lind lower stages Mennonite ment mentation metaethical moral adequacy moral and conventional moral argumentation moral development moral dilemmas moral discussion moral education moral judgment moral reasoning moral stage naturalistic fallacy nonmoral normative ethics Oser person philosophical Piaget premises principles problem psychology question refer regarding regression relationship religion responses rules Scarsdale High School situation social Socrates stages of moral steal the drug structure subjects suggest teachers theory tion Turiel universalizable University values wrong
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 33 - ... half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it.
الصفحة 46 - From our rival conclusions we can argue back to our rival premises: but when we do arrive at our premises argument ceases and the invocation of one premise against another becomes a matter of pure assertion and counter-assertion.
الصفحة 33 - Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make.
الصفحة 46 - Every one of the arguments is logically valid or can be easily expanded so as to be made so; the conclusions do indeed follow from the premises. But the rival premises are such that we possess no rational way of weighing the claims of one as against the other.
الصفحة 176 - In all the history of human thought there exists no other example of two categories of things so profoundly differentiated or so radically opposed to one another. The traditional opposition of good and bad is nothing beside this; for the good and the bad are only two opposed species of the same class, namely morals, just as sickness and health are two different aspects of the same order of facts, life, while the sacred and the profane have always and everywhere been conceived by the human mind as...
الصفحة 64 - Let us assume for purposes of the example that the mother, who is a very 'correct' person, behaves beautifully to the girl throughout, not allowing her real opinion to appear in any way. We might underline this aspect of the example by supposing that the young couple have emigrated or that D is now dead: the point being to ensure that whatever is in question as happening happens entirely in M's mind.
الصفحة 65 - Here I assume that M observes D or at least reflects deliberately about D, until gradually her vision of D alters. If we take D to be now absent or dead this can make it clear that the change is not in D's behaviour but in M's mind. D is discovered to be not vulgar but refreshingly simple, not undignified but spontaneous, not noisy but gay, not tiresomely juvenile but delightfully youthful, and so on. And as I say, ex hypothesi, M's outward behaviour, beautiful from the start, in no way alters. I...
الصفحة 76 - Nobody in the world knows the answer. I think it is recognizing the right of the individual, the rights of other individuals, not interfering with those rights. Act as fairly as you would have them treat you. I think it is basically to preserve the human being's right to existence. I think that is the most important. Secondly, the human being's right to do as he pleases, again without interfering with somebody else's rights.
الصفحة 37 - However, not to steal the drug "would be selfish on his part. He would have to feel guilty about not allowing her a chance to live longer." Heinz's decision to steal is considered not in terms of the logical priority of life over property, which justifies its rightness, but rather in terms of the actual consequences that stealing would have for a man of limited means and little social power. Considered in the light of its probable outcomes — his wife dead, or Heinz in jail, brutalized by the violence...
الصفحة 65 - I am old-fashioned and conventional. I may be prejudiced and narrow-minded. I may be snobbish. I am certainly jealous. Let me look again.' Here I assume that M observes D or at least reflects deliberately about D, until gradually her vision of D alters. If we take D to be now absent or dead this can make it clear that the change is not in D's behaviour but in M's mind.