Are We Free? Psychology and Free WillJohn Baer, James C. Kaufman, Roy F. Baumeister Oxford University Press, 25/02/2008 - 368 من الصفحات Do people have free will, or this universal belief an illusion? If free will is more than an illusion, what kind of free will do people have? How can free will influence behavior? Can free will be studied, verified, and understood scientifically? How and why might a sense of free will have evolved? These are a few of the questions this book attempts to answer. People generally act as though they believe in their own free will: they don't feel like automatons, and they don't treat one another as they might treat robots. While acknowledging many constraints and influences on behavior, people nonetheless act as if they (and their neighbors) are largely in control of many if not most of the decisions they make. Belief in free will also underpins the sense that people are responsible for their actions. Psychological explanations of behavior rarely mention free will as a factor, however. Can psychological science find room for free will? How do leading psychologists conceptualize free will, and what role do they believe free will plays in shaping behavior? In recent years a number of psychologists have tried to solve one or more of the puzzles surrounding free will. This book looks both at recent experimental and theoretical work directly related to free will and at ways leading psychologists from all branches of psychology deal with the philosophical problems long associated with the question of free will, such as the relationship between determinism and free will and the importance of consciousness in free will. It also includes commentaries by leading philosophers on what psychologists can contribute to long-running philosophical struggles with this most distinctly human belief. These essays should be of interest not only to social scientists, but to intelligent and thoughtful readers everywhere. |
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الصفحة ix
... Individual, Family, and Community Education University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM John Baer Professor School of Education Rider University Lawrenceville, NJ Albert Bandura Professor Department of Psychology Stanford University ...
... Individual, Family, and Community Education University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM John Baer Professor School of Education Rider University Lawrenceville, NJ Albert Bandura Professor Department of Psychology Stanford University ...
الصفحة 5
... individual beliefs about human qualities as either fixed or malleable, lead to different psychological realities, and they argue that incremental theorists have a stronger belief in free will than entity theorists. Roy Baumeister ...
... individual beliefs about human qualities as either fixed or malleable, lead to different psychological realities, and they argue that incremental theorists have a stronger belief in free will than entity theorists. Roy Baumeister ...
الصفحة 8
... individual and group behavior. Dean Simonton, one of the world's leading creativity researchers, notes that “human creativity represents something of a paradox” because “few areas of human behavior require so much will power” and yet in ...
... individual and group behavior. Dean Simonton, one of the world's leading creativity researchers, notes that “human creativity represents something of a paradox” because “few areas of human behavior require so much will power” and yet in ...
الصفحة 21
... individual variation here. The politeness prime didn't eliminate interruptions, and the rudeness prime didn't send interruptions to ceiling. A libertarian can perfectly well maintain that indeterminist free choice accounts for some of ...
... individual variation here. The politeness prime didn't eliminate interruptions, and the rudeness prime didn't send interruptions to ceiling. A libertarian can perfectly well maintain that indeterminist free choice accounts for some of ...
الصفحة 22
... individual. Thus, we are not in a good position to claim that determinism has been demonstrated. The challenge for the a posteriorist is actually even greater because even if we found that many decisions are determined, this still ...
... individual. Thus, we are not in a good position to claim that determinism has been demonstrated. The challenge for the a posteriorist is actually even greater because even if we found that many decisions are determined, this still ...
المحتوى
3 | |
10 | |
3 Determined and Free | 32 |
The Construction of Free Will | 44 |
5 Free Will Consciousness and Cultural Animals | 65 |
6 Reconstrual of Free Will From the Agentic Perspective of Social Cognitive Theory | 86 |
7 Free Will Is Unnatural | 128 |
8 The Automaticity Juggernautor Are We Automatons After All? | 155 |
11 Self Is Magic | 226 |
12 Some Observations on the Psychology of Thinking About Free Will | 248 |
13 Whose Will? How Free? | 260 |
14 Free Will as a Proportion of Variance | 275 |
The Yin and Yang of the Creative Life | 296 |
16 Free Will Requires Determinism | 304 |
17 The Fear of Determinism | 311 |
A Commentary | 325 |
9 The Hazards of Claiming to Have Solved the Hard Problem of Free Will | 181 |
10 Free Will and the Control of Action | 205 |
Index | 347 |
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action activity agency agentic Albert Bandura argued automatic processes B. F. Skinner Bandura Bargh Baumeister biological brain Cambridge causal causes choice cognitive psychology compatibilism compatibilists concept of free creativity culture decisions Dennett determinism deterministic Dweck effect Ego depletion entity theorists environment environmental epiphenomenal evidence evolutionary example experience experimental explain feel flex freedom Freedom Evolves function genetic goals hard problem human behavior illusion of conscious incremental theorists individual influence intention John Bargh Journal of Personality Koriat libertarian free Libet magic memory mental mind moral responsibility motivation nature neural neuronal nonconscious one’s outcomes Oxford University Press participants people’s Personality and Social perspective philosophical predict problem of free punishment question readiness potential role Roy Baumeister Schooler scientists self-determination self-efficacy self-regulation self-theories sense situation social cognition Social Psychology stop-signal studies subjects task theory things thought tion unconscious volition volitional control Wegner York