and a few other pages, has been written entirely from the documents given out by the various belligerents. The principal collections of official papers used are the following: The translations made by the New York Times and other documents published by the American Association for International Conciliation; Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War, edited by James Brown Scott and published under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Collected Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War and Miscellaneous Correspondence, printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1915; the Austro-Hungarian Red Book, official English translation; Diplomatic Correspondence with Belligerent Governments Relating to Neutral Rights published by our State Department; and supplements to volumes 9 and 10 of the American Journal of International Law. In presenting this digest of the source material on the causes of the war, my aim is not to argue the case, but only to give and systematize the evidence-not all the evidence on all the points, but only adequate evidence on the main points. In this second edition I have been able in some cases to make positive statements where in the original work I could only express opinions. This has been made possible by the recent publication of some documents that were not known when the first edition came out last year. I want to acknowledge my indebtedness to Professors Charles Downer Hazen and Carlton J. H. Hayes of Columbia University, and Frank Maloy Anderson, of Dartmouth College, for the very valuable suggestions and criticisms that they have kindly offered. My thanks are also due to my colleagues, Professor David Dale Johnson, of the English department, and Dean James M. Callahan, head of the department of history, who have read portions of my manuscript and have made helpful suggestions and criticisms. Inasmuch as so many books have already been written on the causes of the war, I feel that I should offer an explanation, if not an apology, for adding to the list even a small volume. My only excuse for so doing is the hope that a brief work will prove useful to college students and others who do not have time to read the fuller accounts. My own experience as a teacher of current European history has caused me to feel the need of such a work. CHAPTER II. FRICTION BETWEEN THE RIVAL GROUPS 20 Morocco as a cause of dispute 2222 20 21 21 22 24 25 30 34 PART II. THE IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF THE EUROPEAN WAR CHAPTER III. THE ASSASSINATION OF FRANCIS FERDI NAND 43 The assassination of the Crown Prince and his wife at Sarajevo. Significance of the crime Attitude of the people and press in Serbia toward the crime Attitude of Austro-Hungarian press Serbia's delay in instituting trial of Serbian accomplices Serbian officials implicated in the crime CHAPTER IV. THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN NOTE то SERBIA Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia, July 23 1914 Surprise of the Entente powers at the nature of the demands Contents of the note Austria's case against Serbia Responsibility of Germany for the Austrian note The Potsdam Conference The demands of Austria considered unreasonable by Serbia Opinion of other powers regarding these demands Attitude of powers toward isolation of the quarre Shortness of the time limit CHAPTER V. SERBIA'S REPLY TO AUSTRIA-HUNGARY The Austrian note defined as a démarche and not a ultimatum Serbia advised to send a conciliatory reply to Aus trian note by Entente powers Diplomatic relations between Austria-Hungary and The problem confronting European diplomacy Joint mediation between Serbia and Austria favored by Sir Edward Grey Italy's plan for preventing war 91 Austria asked to take a favorable view of Serbian reply. 94 Joint mediation between Austria and Serbia pro posed Direct negotiations between Russia and Austria-Hun- CHAPTER VII. EFFORTS TO ISOLATE THE WAR . 102 Mediation between Austria-Hungary and Serbia accepted by the former Inquiry as to the attitude of France toward a possi ble conflict between Germany and Russia 119 |