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As soon as the families have made houses to live in, the fathers and mothers will say, "Our children. must be educated, they must have teachers."

But each family cannot get a teacher for its own. children. That would take ten teachers, and would cost too much. The fathers and mothers all join together and get one teacher for the thirty children. They choose a committee of three fathers and mothers. This committee finds a good teacher, starts a school, and tells the families how much each will

have to pay.

Very soon the fathers say, "We must have a good road so the children can get to the school in winter, and so we can take our goods to each other."

No one family can make a road alone, so again they join together and choose a committee. This committee finds the best place for a road and gets it built and tells each family how much it has to pay.

After a while one of the fathers does not pay his bills promptly. One of the mothers lets her children stay away from school. Somebody drives a heavy team into the gutter and spoils the road. Every one is bothered by these things.

So once more the families join together, to get some rules made to live by, rules that will give all the fam

ilies the most comfort. They choose another committee for this. They read the laws to the families, and the families say, "We will obey the laws. Any one who does not obey these laws shall be punished." Then they choose a committee to see that the laws are kept.

Now the ten families have made a government. All these committees and laws are a government, a republican form of government.

A republic, a country governed by its citizens, is just like this ten families, only bigger. Its government is chosen by the people, to take care of the things that belong to all together. The government is the manager of the people's business.

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when it is small and new. Now let us look at

a monarchy, when it is small and new.

One family moves away into a new place where there are no buildings or laws or police. The father is very strong and the two sons are very strong. They build a house and live by hunting and fishing.

Soon a second family comes and makes a home not far away. The father is not a very strong man,

and he has no sons. He has brought a cow with him.

The first family goes in the night and steals the cow. When the man tries to get it back, he finds that three men with guns are against him. He can do nothing.

But across the mountains are other families, wild and fierce. They come and try to take the crops of both families. The three strong men say to the weaker one, "Fight with us, and we will drive the wild men away." So he fights with them and they drive the others off.

After this the weak man does not dare do anything against the three strong men, because he needs their help against the wild men. The strong men need his help, too, but they see that he needs them more than they need him, so they say, "You shall be our man. You shall work for us and fight for us, and in turn we will protect you from the enemy."

A few other families move into the wilderness, and they come to the first family and say, "You are powerful; help us against the wild men." But the three strong men care only for themselves. They make the others obey them and fight as they command.

The father of the first family puts his oldest son in

charge of the army. His other son manages the crops and the workers.

The three make a law that every man must take turns standing guard over their house. They make a law that every one must bring one third of his crop to them. They make many other laws. All the others obey these laws because they are afraid.

Now the strong family has made a government. It is the beginning of a monarchy, just as the ten families were the beginning of a republic. It is the management of the people's business, but not for the people. It is for the strong family and its friends.

The great kingdoms of the world began like this. They have changed very much since, and in all of them the people have gained some power, but they are all founded on the same principle, the principle that Might makes Right.

In a monarchy the people are governed by a ruling class. In a republic the people are governed by themselves. We call a monarchy an "autocracy;" we call a republic a "democracy." The republic is a free country, the monarchy is not a free country.

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