252. 1. Aurum in villam à servō portātum est. 2. Hic puer saepe monitus est et nunc labōrat. 3. Italia ā multis amāta est. 4. Epistulae ab amīcō meō diū expectatae sunt. 5. Consilium tuum probātum est quod bonum est. 6. Anteā domicilium longe ab oppidō habēbam. 7. Injuriae sociōrum nostrōrum multae et magnae sunt. 8. Vix haec pericula vītāvi. 9. Numerus sociōrum nostrōrum augebitur et victōria erit nostra. 10. Filius tuus in proelio vulneratus est.

253. 1. We have often been warned, but we do not fear. 2. The danger has been increased because there are many barbarians in the town. 3. Formerly our plans were not approved. 4. Now we are praised by many because we saw the danger. 5. I saw the camp with difficulty from this place.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. How is the perfect indicative passive of regular verbs formed? 2. Explain the gender of the participles in the verbs of sentences 1, 2, and 3 of section 252. 3. Give the stem, tense sign, and personal ending of the verb of sentence 6, section 252. 4. Conjugate expectō in the perfect indicative, active and passive. 5. Give the second person singular of sum in the perfect, past perfect, and future perfect indicative. 6. How is auction connected with augeō?

LESSON XLII

PAST PERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE PASSIVE

254. The past perfect in the passive voice is formed by combining the past participle with the imperfect tense of sum. The future perfect passive is formed by combining the past participle with the future of sum.

cōpia, -ae, F., plenty; pl., repudio, -āre, -āvī, -ātum,

ibi, adv., there,' in that place scutum, -I, N., shield

256. 1. Multa praemia huic puerō data erant. 2. Cònsilium tuum a Mārcō nōn repudiatum erit. 3. Propter moram tuam copiae sociōrum nostrōrum in periculo sunt. 4. Ibi sex hōrās mānserāmus. 5. Galli magna scuta et longōs gladiōs habebant. 6. Auxilium nostrum ā Gallis nōn repudiātum erit. 7. Lēgātus in proelio vulneratus in hōc vīcō manēbit. 8. Cūr hoc praemium filiae tuae datum erat? 9. Ibi multōs equōs in campo vidimus. 10. Cur periculum ā nostris nōn visum est?

257. 1. Formerly Italy had been praised by many. 2. The danger will have been increased on account of the delay. 3. Our forces had not been seen by the barbarians. 4. This plan has been rejected because the Gauls will not give aid. 5. A reward had never been given to the slave.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. How are the past perfect and the future perfect passive formed? 2. Conjugate superō in the past perfect indicative passive. 3. Conjugate videō in the future perfect indicative passive. 4. Explain the case of hōrās in sentence 4, section 256. 5. Point out an example of the substantive use of adjectives in section 256. 6. At the beginning of the Great War a moratorium was declared in certain countries with regard to the payment of debts. What does that mean?

For the use of there as an expletive, see section 102.

LESSON XLIII

SYNOPSIS OF VERBS IN THE FIRST PERSON
SINGULAR INDICATIVE

258. A group of forms representing one person of a verb in all the tenses in one voice and number is called a Synopsis of the verb. The synopsis of porto in the first person singular active and passive, indicative mood, is as follows:

PRES.

IMPF.

FUT.

PERF.

P. PERF.

portāvī, I carried, I have carried

portāveram, I had carried

portāverō, I shall have carried

Passive

portor, I am carried

portābar, I was (being) carried

portabor, I shall be carried

portātus sum, I was (or have been) carried
portatus eram, I had been carried

F. PERF. portatus erō, I shall have been carried

aeternus, -a, -um, eternal, septem, indeclinable

undying

glōria, -ae, F., glory, fame

initium, -1, N., beginning

announce, report

seven

stipendium, -i, N., tax, tri

bute

nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, ultrā, prep. with acc., beyond

eternal

RELATED ENGLISH WORDS

glorious

initial

stipend

EXERCISES

260. 1. Multa saxa ā puerō portāta erant. 2. Propter hanc victoriam illī virī glōriam aeternam habēbunt. 3. Initium proelii ab oppidānīs nūntiātum est. 4. Ultrā illam silvam est vicus noster. 5. Barbari superātī sunt, et stīpendium dabunt. 6. Multi in fugā necātī sunt. 7. Hic vir septem magna templa aedificavit. 8. Rūrsus auxilium tuum postulo quod in periculō sum. 9. Puer poenam timēbat quod non labōrāverat.

261. 1. The fame of your country will be everlasting. 2. My friend had not been invited by the lieutenant. 3. On account of the war I did not remain in Italy. 4. There are seven towns on this large island. 5. Why did you not announce the battle?

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. What is meant by the synopsis of a verb? 2. Give a synopsis of sto in the third person singular of the indicative, active voice. 3. Give a synopsis of moveō in the third person singular of the indicative, passive voice. 4. Give a synopsis of sum in the third person plural of the indicative. 5. Give the stem, tense sign, and personal ending of the verbs in sentence 9, section 260. 6. What English words or phrases can you find in which ultra appears?

LESSON XLIV

THE FUTURE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

262. In English, as has been stated, we have only a present participle and a past participle. The Latin verb has also future participles. The future active participle is formed on the participial stem, which has been seen in the past passive participle, section 226. It ends in -ūrus (-ūra, -ūrum), and is declined like the past passive participle.

portātūrus, -a, -um, about to carry, or going to carry.
monitūrus, -a, -um, about to warn, or going to warn