404. 1. Militēs fortiōrēs fortiōrēs mittemus, qui nōn fugient. 2. Hoc iter est longius, sed tūtiōrēs erimus. 3. Mīlitēs fortissimi in eō proelio interfecti sunt. 4. Liber quem legēbam est tuus. 5. Barbari longiōrēs hastās habent, sed nōs nōn timēmus. 6. In illō flūmine sunt multi piscēs. 7. Contrā rēgem Rōmānī exercitum miserunt. 8. Legiō Gallōs superabat qui in flumine impediebantur. 9. Cornu sinistrum exercitus superātum est. 10. Omnes libertatem amant. 405. 1. We have seen the most famous city of Italy. 2. I shall send a longer letter today. 3. The mountains are higher and the rivers are broader in our country. 4. My dearest friend lives in the same (295) town in which you live. SUGGESTED DRILL 1. Name the three degrees of comparison. 2. How are most English adjectives compared? 3. What ending is regularly used to form the comparative of Latin adjectives? What ending to form the superlative? 5. Explain the case of milites and of qui What English word is derived from the 4. Decline the relative pronoun. in sentence 1 of section. 404. past participle of legō? 6. LESSON LXX COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES (Continued): ABLATIVE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES IN -ER 406. Adjectives which end in -er in the masculine form the superlative by adding -rimus to the masculine nominative singular instead of by taking the ending -issimus. a. The comparative is formed like that of other adjectives. THE MEASURE OR DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE WITH COMPARATIVES 407. Often when two things are compared, a word or phrase is used to denote the measure or degree of difference between them. Thus, This road is two miles shorter than the other (shorter than the other by two miles). In this sentence the phrase two miles is the measure of difference between the two things compared. THE ABLATIVE OF DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE 408. The measure or degree of difference is expressed in Latin by the ablative without a preposition. Hoc iter sex milibus passuum longius est quam illud, this road is six miles longer than that. In this sentence milibus is an ablative of degree of difference. a. A frequent use of this construction is to be seen in multō, the ablative of the neuter multum, used as a noun. Thus, multō clārior, much more famous (more famous by much). a. The distinction between ab, dē, and ex in their literal meanings is as follows: ab means away from, dē means down from, ex means out from. Frequently from alone is used to translate each of them, but usually with the understood sense as above. Often dē means concerning. b. A noun or pronoun used after quam meaning than is compared with some noun or pronoun in the earlier part of the sentence, and its case is the same as that of the noun or pronoun with which it is compared. Hic puer est fortior quam frāter, this boy is braver than his brother. 410. 1. Is homō miserrimus omnium erat. 2. Haec urbs est pulcherrima omnium urbium Galliae. 3. Haec arbor sex pedibus altior est quam illa (arbor). 4. Flumen est multis pedibus latius quam fossa. 5. Socii nostri sunt multō fortiōrēs quam hostēs. 6. Oppidānī dē mūrō tēla et saxa jaciēbant. 7. Tum miles hastam prehendit et fortiter vāllum ascendit. 8. Hostes qui in nostros impetum fēcērunt superātī sunt. 9. Illo tempore hanc urbem non videram. 10. Equum celerrimum quem habeo ad te mittam. 411. 1. We have seen the most beautiful cities of Italy. 2. The father of this boy is the most unhappy of all. 3. The tree is many feet higher than the wall. 4. The ditch is much wider than the road (via). 5. The leader will bring (dücere) the swiftest horses and the bravest soldiers. SUGGESTED DRILL 1. Compare pulcher. 2. Point out an example of the ablative of degree of difference in the sentences of section 410. 3. What is the distinction between ab, dē, and ex in their literal meanings? 4. Compare longus and potēns. 5. What determines the gender and number of a relative pronoun? the case? 6. What is the meaning of extempore? From what two Latin words is it derived? THIRTEENTH REVIEW LESSON REVIEW TOPICS 412. (1) Third declension adjectives with one ending. (2) Third declension adjectives with two endings. (3) The complementary infinitive. (4) The use of mille. (5) The ablative of time. (6) The genitive of the whole. (7) Personal pronouns. (8) Reflexive pronouns. (13) Agreement of the relative. (14) The regular comparison of adjectives. (16) The ablative of degree of difference. 413. Define the following English words and give Latin words with which they are connected in derivation: 414. VIR CLĀRUS. ET REGINA SAPIENS For words which have not previously occurred see Final Vocabulary, page 303. Haec terra in quā habitāmus ā virō clārō reperta est cujus patria erat Italia. Nāvēs ei ā rēgīnā Hispaniae datae sunt. Ea rēgīna sapiens pecuniam quoque huic viro dedit. Ā1 rēgibus is auxilium postulaverat, sed nēmō ex hīs rēgibus eum audiverat. Ea regina erat sapientior2 quam omnes illi rēgēs. Posteā hic vir fortis ā multīs laudātus est et dōna ei data sunt. Sed post mortem rēgīnae male tractatus est et miserrimus erat. Quis erat hic vir clarus et quae erat ea rēgīna sapiēns quae eum jūvit? 1 from. 2 Comparative of sapiens. |