hodiē in vicō manēbunt. 9. Victōria erit nostra, sed nōn erit victoria facillima. 10. Nullīus insulae; lēgātō sōlī; ūllius morae; alterius loci.

428. 1. The nature of the whole island was unknown. 2. He will give the letter to the messenger alone. 3. Many fight bravely, others hasten from the camp. 4. This boy has no book. 5. The danger of neither is great.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. Name the adjectives which have the genitive in -ius. 2. Decline neuter in full. 3. Decline together nulla insula. 4. What is the neuter nominative singular of alius? of üllus? 5. Compare altus, miser, and difficilis. 6. Give English words which are connected in derivation with sõlus, ūnus, tõtus, and nullus.

LESSON LXXIV

GENITIVE OF DESCRIPTION: ABLATIVE OF DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTIVE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

429. In English we frequently use a phrase with of to describe a noun. Thus, A man of good judgment; a story of great length. In the first of these expressions the phrase of good judgment describes man, in the second, the phrase of great length describes story.

Sometimes we use with instead of of to introduce descriptive phrases. A man with a good reputation; the house with a red roof. In the first of these expressions, with a good reputation describes man, in the second, with a red roof describes house.

DESCRIPTIVE USE OF CASES IN LATIN

430. In Latin both the genitive and the ablative (without a preposition) are used to describe by telling some quality or some fact about the appearance of a person or thing. Frequently the ablative when thus used is translated with of,

like the genitive. The rules regarding the use of the two cases are given in the following sections.

THE GENITIVE OF DESCRIPTION

431. The genitive modified by an adjective may be used to describe a person or thing. This is called the Genitive of Description.

Homō magnae virtutis, a man of great courage.

a. The genitive is often employed in this construction to express measure.

Mūrus quattuor pedum, a four-foot wall (a wall of four feet).

THE ABLATIVE OF DESCRIPTION

432. The ablative modified by an adjective may be used to describe a person or thing. This is called the Ablative of Description.

Homō magnā virtūte, a man of great courage, i.e., a man with great courage.

a. In many phrases such as the example above, either the genitive or the ablative may be used, but physical characteristics are usually expressed by the ablative, and measure always by the genitive.

altitūdō, -inis, F., height, dicō, -ere, dixi, dictum, say depth lātitūdō, -inis, F., width auctōritās, -tātis, F., influ- modus, -i, M., manner, kind repellō, -ere, reppuli, repulsum, drive back, repulse

ence, authority

Caesar, -aris, M., Caesar, a

famous Roman

EXERCISES

434. 1. Is dux erat (homō) magna auctōritāte inter Helvētiōs. 2. Flūmen magnā lātitūdine fīnēs Gallōrum et Germānōrum dīvisit. 3. Numquam antea in locō ejus modi fuerāmus. 4. Cur non hominem magnae virtutis (magnā virtūte) ad hoc bellum misistis? 5. Vallum castrōrum nostrōrum nōn est magna altitudine. 6. Hostēs repellentur et multi eōrum interficientur. 7. Id dixi quod amicus tuus sum. 8. Caesar in Gallia bellum novem annōs gessit. 9. Maximae gentēs Galliae ab eo victae sunt. 10. Tōtam urbem dēlēre cupis. 11. Impetum ūnīus legiōnis nōn timēmus.

435. 1. These rivers are of great depth. 2. The soldiers were of great courage, and they defended the camp bravely. 3. Boys of this kind are not often praised. 4. A march of five hours was made by the army. 5. No towns of the enemy had been burned by our soldiers.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. What prepositions are commonly used in descriptive phrases in English? 2. What cases are used in Latin as the equivalent of these phrases? 3. What sort of descriptive idea is always expressed by the genitive? 4. Point out an ablative of description in the sentences of section 434; a genitive of description. 5. What is the difference between the meanings of alius and of alter? 6. From what two Latin words is contradict derived?

LESSON LXXV

THE FORMATION OF ADVERBS

436. Most adverbs are formed from adjectives by the use of certain adverbial endings. Those derived from adjectives of the first and second declension regularly take -ē in place of the genitive ending of the adjective. Those derived from third declension adjectives regularly have -ter or -iter (-er

only, if the genitive ending follows -nt) in place of the

a. The neuter accusative singular of some adjectives is used as an adverb: facile, easily; multum, much.

b. The adverb of magnus is magnopere; of bonus, bene. Some adverbs do not have a corresponding adjective; one of these is saepe, often.

EXERCISES

438. 1. Helvētii, qui in finēs nostrōs pervenerant, agrōs lātē vāstābant. 2. Haec legiō celeriter ad flumen prōcessit. 3. Nostri fortiter pugnāvērunt et hostes reppulerunt. 4. Hic puer est validus, sed nōn labōrat. 5. Nōmen tuum saepe ā fratre meō audivi. 6. Caesar saepe fortia facta militum suōrum commemorat. 7. Amīcitia tua mihi grata est et semper grāta erit. 8. Cōpiās satis magnās nōn habēmus. 9. Auctoritatem hujus modi multi habere cupiunt. 10. Virum magnā auctōritāte in provinciam mīsimus.

439. 1. The fields of the Gauls have been laid waste far

and wide. 2. We fight bravely because we are fighting for (pro) liberty. 3. The Gauls had often heard Caesar's name. 4. Our fathers inhabited one part of this island. 5. On account of the delay of one legion the whole army was defeated.

1. From what part of speech are most Latin adverbs formed? 2. What is the adverb corresponding to magnus? to bonus? 3. What form of the adjective is sometimes used as an adverb? 4. What ending is frequently used in English to form adverbs? 5. Explain the case of auctoritate in sentence 10, section 438. 6. Give two English words which are connected in derivation with satis.