LESSON LXXXI

DEPONENT VERBS

FORMS OF DEPONENT VERBS

473. A deponent verb is one which is passive in form but active in meaning. Its principal parts are passive forms. Deponents have only two stems, the present and the participial.

a. The endings of the present infinitives which are used to indicate the conjugations are therefore as follows:

DEPONENT VERBS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND CONJUGATIONS

474. Deponents of the first and second conjugations are conjugated as follows:

cōnor, cōnāri, cōnātus sum, try.

polliceor, pollicēri, pollicitus sum, promise.

476. 1. Galli urbem defendere cōnāti sunt, sed a Rōmānis superāti sunt. 2. Auxilium nostrum pollicemur, quod amici vestri sumus. 3. Miles fortis vulnera nōn verētur, et ad omnes cāsūs parātus est.

4. Rex Germānōrum ad colloquium invītātus nōn vēnit. Caesar igitur ad eum misit nuntium. Tum uterque (each) sēcum mīlitēs dūxit ad locum qui dēlēctus erat. Sed mīlitēs

rēgis tēla in (at) Romānōs jēcērunt. Postea erat magnum proelium et rēx superātus est. Multi ex ejus exercitu interfecti sunt, et alii fūgērunt. Hae res in libris Caesaris scriptae sunt.

477. 1. Why do you not give me the book which you have promised? 2. I have tried to find it, but it has been lost. 3. Therefore I will give you another book today. 4. Our soldiers do not fear the weapons of the Gauls, and they will attack the town bravely. 5. Afterward, they will capture the townspeople, who are trying to defend themselves.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. Give the personal endings of verbs in the passive voice. 2. Give the terminations of the present passive infinitives of the four conjugations. 3. Conjugate vereor in the present and the future indicative. 4. Give the case endings of the fifth declension. 5. Give the ending of the genitive singular of each of the five declensions. 5. What is a casual acquaintance?

LESSON LXXXII

DEPONENT VERBS (Continued): ABLATIVE WITH ŪTOR, ETC.

DEPONENT VERBS (Continued)

478. Deponents of the third conjugation ending in -or and those of the fourth conjugation are conjugated as follows:

sequor, sequi, secūtus sum, potior, potīrī, potītus sum, gain possession of

follow

THE ABLATIVE WITH ŪTor, fruor, ETC.

479. The deponents ūtor, fruor, fungor, potior, and vēscor take their objects in the ablative case.

Gladio utitur, he uses a sword.

Oppidō potīti sunt, they have gained possession of the town.

a. Some of these verbs are not used in the exercises of this book, and so their meanings are not given here. But it is convenient to learn the list as a whole for future reference.

condo, -dere, -didi, -ditum, sequor, sequi, secutus sum,

found, establish

liberi, -ōrum, M. pl., children lingua, -ae, F., language potior, -iri, potitus sum, gain possession of

a.

follow

ūtor, ūti, ūsus sum, use, employ

varius, -a, -um, various

The noun liberi, children, is the same as the masculine plural of the adjective liber, free. It will be possible to determine from the rest of the sentence whether any form of liberi is to be translated by the noun or the adjective.

481. 1. Hostes exercitum nostrum quattuor dies secuti sunt. Sed postea victi sunt, et nostrī impedimentis eōrum potiti sunt. In eō proeliō Galli longis hastīs ūtēbantur et multōs nostrōrum vulnerābant.

2. Post variōs cāsūs patrēs nostri in hanc terram pervēnērunt. Novās urbēs condidērunt, quae nunc magnae sunt. Tum multi ex aliis terris vēnērunt qui libertatem habere cupiebant. Variis linguis ūtēbantur et variōs mōrēs habebant. Nunc liberi eōrum sunt cīvēs patriae nostrae. Nōs omnes hanc terram amāmus, quod est terra libera. In ea est nullus servus, in ea est nullus rēx.

482. 1. Sending ahead the baggage (the baggage having been sent ahead), Caesar followed with one legion. 2. The soldier will use his father's sword in battle. 3. Our army had gained possession of many towns in this part of Gaul. 4. After various mischances, the king founded his city in this country (terra). 5. The Gauls and the Germans do not use the same language