LESSON LXXXVI

INDIRECT DISCOURSE (Continued)

TENSE OF THE INFINITIVE IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE

501. If the verb in the original or direct statement is in the present tense, the infinitive in indirect discourse will be the present, no matter what is the tense of the word of saying. Thus, for the sentence He said that the enemy were attacking the town the direct form of the statement would be The enemy are attacking the town. Since are attacking is present, the present infinitive is required for the indirect quotation. Dixit hostes oppidum oppugnare, he said that the enemy were attacking the town.

502. If the verb in the direct statement is in any tense of past time (imperfect, perfect, or past perfect), the past infinitive will be used in the indirect quotation. If the verb in the direct statement is future, the future infinitive will be used in the indirect quotation. Thus the sentences He said that the enemy had attacked the town and He said that the enemy would attack the town represent the direct statements The enemy attacked (or have attacked) the town and The enemy will attack the town. Hence, in the indirect quotations given above, the past infinitive will be used in the first and the future infinitive in the second.

Dixit hostes oppidum oppugnāvisse, he said that the enemy had attacked the town.

Dixit hostes oppidum oppugnātūrōs esse, he said that the enemy would attack the town.

a. With words of hearing, thinking, etc., the tense of the infinitive is determined by the direct form of the statement heard or of the thought quoted.

Audivi eum in urbe habitāre, I heard that he lived in the city.

AGREEMENT OF PARTICIPLES IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE

503. In the past passive and in the future active infinitives, the participle agrees with the subject in gender, number, and case.

Dixit unam cohortem missam esse, he said that one cohort had been sent.

Dixit mīlitēs ventūrōs esse, he said that the soldiers would come.

506. 1. Caesar sciēbat Gallōs magnum exercitum conduxisse. 2. Omnēs arbitrābantur hostēs mox impetum factūrōs esse. 3. Nuntius dixit magnum numerum Germānōrum ex castrīs ēgressum esse et ad flumen properāre. 4. Hominēs ex omnibus partibus concurrerunt quod patriam suam defendere cupiebant. 5. Oppidum duplicī mūrō mūnītum erat, et facile defendēbātur. 6. Heri audivimus novum imperātōrem ad exercitum missum esse. 7. Sciēbāmus senātum mox novum imperātōrem missūrum esse. 8. Cum his barbaris bellum sex mēnsēs gessimus. 9. Puer cum cane suō in silvā longe a vicō errabat.

507. 1. The man said that his brother would give back the money. 2. We know that you did not send a letter. 3. Caesar says that all men love liberty. 4. The Gauls believed that this legion would follow with the baggage. 5. We have heard that Caesar waged war in Gaul for nine years.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. What determines the tense of the infinitive in an indirect statement? 2. What tenses of the direct discourse may be represented by the past infinitive in indirect discourse? 3. What determines the gender, number, and case of the participle of the past passive and the future active infinitives in indirect discourse? 4. Give all the infinitives of cupio. 5. Give some English words which are derived from compounds of currō.

LESSON LXXXVII

CONJUGATION OF POSSUM

508. The verb possum, I am able or I can, is irregular. It is a compound of sum and the adjective potis, able. present system in the indicative mood is as follows:

The

510. 1. Patriam nostram dēfendere possumus et defendēmus. 2. Ex illo locō mē audire non poteris. 3. Facile urbem videre poteram quod in colle eram. 4. Lēgātus aciem in locō idōneō instruxit et hostes expectabat. 5. Obsidēs quōs habeō nōn reddam. 6. Rēx dīxit sẽ obsidēs nōn redditūrum esse. 7. Dux credit oppidānōs nōn diū sẽ defendere posse. 8. Multum efficere possunt quod credunt sẽ posse. 9. Cur socii nostri queruntur? 10. Sonum proelii audivimus et simul hostēs in colle vīsī sunt. 11. Deinde dux equitatum praemisit et cum omnibus legionibus secutus est.

511. 1. These legions can easily repulse the enemy. 2. Our friends could not help us. 3. Grain cannot be sent by our allies. 4. You can see the statue, which stands on a hill. 5. After drawing up the line of battle (abl. abs.) Labienus will wait for Caesar.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. Give the third person singular of possum in the present, imperfect, and future, indicative mood. 2. Conjugate sum and possum in the future indicative. 3. Explain the gender and number of redditurum in sentence 6, section 510. 4. Decline acies in the singular. 5. Explain the use of the infinitive defendere in sentence 1, section 510 (see section 358). 6. What is the meaning of querulous?

LESSON LXXXVIII

CONJUGATION OF EŌ

THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF EŌ IN THE INDICATIVE

512. The irregular verb eō, go, is conjugated in the present system in the indicative as follows:

513. There are many compounds of eō, such as exeō, go out, redeō, go back, trānseō, go across. They are conjugated like eō, with the syllable ex-, red-, trâns-, etc., prefixed. Thus, exeō, exis, exit, etc.

adventus, -ūs, M., coming, libenter, adv., willingly, with arrival

pleasure

aggredior, -gredi, -gressus redeō, -ire, -ii (-īvi), -itum,