FIRST REVIEW LESSON REVIEW TOPICS 51. (1) The sources of the English vocabulary. (6) Greek in ancient times. (7) The alphabets of modern European languages. (10) The first declension. (11) The first conjugation, present indieative active. ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 52. Define the following English words and give Latin words with which they are connected in derivation.1 The lists of English derivatives given in this and later review lessons and following the vocabularies in subsequent lessons are not meant to include all derived or related words. They may be supplemented by assigned study of such character as seems best to the teacher. LESSON IX GENDER IN LATIN: THE SECOND DECLENSION GENDER OF NOUNS 53. There are three genders of nouns in Latin, masculine, feminine, and neuter. Many Latin nouns which we should expect to be neuter, from their meaning, are masculine or feminine. This is also true of many modern European languages, and it is one of the great difficulties which English speaking persons have in learning these languages, GENDER IN THE FIRST DECLENSION 54. The gender of many Latin nouns may be known by the ending of the nominative and by the declension. Thus, the nouns of the first declension which are given in this book are all feminine, with the exception of three. In the vocabularies, the letters M. or F. or N. printed after the noun indicate what the gender is. All the nouns ending in a which have been given thus far are feminine, except nauta, which is masculine. THE SECOND DECLENSION 55. Nouns of the second declension have the genitive ending -ī, in the singular. The nominative ends in -us, -er, or -um. NEUTER NOUNS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION 56. The nouns which end in -um are declined as follows: a. All nouns ending in -um are in the neuter gender. NEGATIVE SENTENCES 57. The Latin adverb meaning not is nōn. In English negative sentences we commonly use a form of the verb do. Thus, I do not work; he does not see; they did not go: In Latin the negative expressions have no word corresponding to this use of do. I do not praise is in Latin, Nōn laudō (I praise not). He does not give is Nōn dat (he gives not). 59. Translate: 1. Bellōrum; verbi; in bellō; in templis. 2. Bellum nōn laudāmus. 3. Cōnsilium laudō. 4. Epistulam nōn portō. 60. 1. Of danger; in danger; in dangers; of words; of a word. 2. They do not praise war. 3. I praise the temple. 4. He praises the temples. 5. We praise the plans. 6. I carry letters. SUGGESTED DRILL 1. What is the difference between the use of genders in Latin and in English? 2. What is the gender of most nouns of the first declension? 3. What is the ending of the genitive singular in the second declension? 4. What are the different endings of the nominative singular in the second declension? 5. What is the gender of nouns ending in -um? 6. What cases in the plural of the second declension have the same ending as the same cases in the first declension? 7. What is the difference between negative expressions in Latin and in English? 8. Decline bellum, periculum, verbum. LESSON X THE SECOND DECLENSION (Continued) NOUNS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION IN US AND -ER 61. The second declension has a large number of masculine nouns which end in -us and -er. They are declined as follows: CASE ENDINGS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION 62. The endings of these three words in any case except the nominative singular are the same. Also, they are the same as those of templum (section 56) except in the nominative singular, the nominative plural, and the accusative plural. The case endings of the second declension, therefore, are as follows: |