7. 545. 1. Cūr, serve, dominus tuus tē saepe accusat? 2. Cohortes, Labiene, in periculo sunt et auxilium postulant. 3. Epistulam tuam, mi amice, hodie accēpī. 4. Cūr, mī frāter, patrī nōn pāruistī? 5. In his insulis sunt aestātēs longae et hiemēs breves. 6. Mare profundum patriam nostram cingit, et nōs tūtōs esse semper arbitrātī sumus. Nova urbs in locō plānō condita est, sed montēs nōn longē absunt. 8. Magna vis flūminis ponti nocuit et transire nōn possumus. 9. Erat magna calamitas quod mīlitēs imperātōrī nōn pāruērunt. 10. Hoc animal ferōx magnōs dentēs habet. 11. Omnēs spērant pacem mox futuram esse, sed ad bellum parāti sunt. 546. 1. Marcus, where is your brother? 2. My friend, you are censured by many because you do not work. 3. Boys, why did you not come yesterday? 4. The storm injured the trees which stand on that hill. 5. The boy obeyed his father and remained on the ship. SUGGESTED DRILL 1. Give the vocative singular of dominus and of Gallus. 2. What is the vocative of the words meaning my father? 3. What is the position of the vocative? 4. Explain the case of ponti in sentence 8, section 545. 5. Give the nominative plural of vis. 6. What English noun is connected in derivation with dens? 547. The Imperative mood is used to express commands. Thus, Close the door; Wait till I come. wait are in the imperative mood. The verbs close and THE IMPERATIVE OF THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS The present active imperative of regular verbs of the four conjugations in Latin is as follows: a. The verbs dicō, dūcō, and faciō have the irregular forms dic, dūc, and fac in the singular of the present active imperative. In the plural they are regular. b. The verb do differs from other first conjugation verbs in that the a is short in the plural imperative date. The singular is regular. c. The Latin verb has also a future imperative which is not often used. Its forms, and also those of the present passive imperative, are postponed till a later time. THE IMPERATIVE OF EŌ 548. The imperatives of eō are i (singular), and ite (plural). Compounds of eō form their imperatives like the simple verb. Thus transi, trănsīte, etc. ingēns, gen., ingentis, huge, resistō, -sistere, -stiti (takes very large morior, mori, mortuus sum, die proximus, -a, -um, nearest, next, last dative), resist salūs, salūtis, F., safety ūnā, adv., at the same time, together, along (with) ventus, -i, M., wind. a. The adjective proximus when referring to time is sometimes translated next and sometimes last.. The meaning of the verb of the sentence will make it possible to decide whether next or last should be used in translating. 550. 1. Statim, puer, illōs hominēs monē. 2. In hoc vicō breve tempus manē. 3. Castra, milites, mūnīte et omnia parāte. 4. Salutem vestram, militēs, ūnā cum tēctīs urbis et vītā civium defendite. 5. Omnibus copiis hostium resistēmus et salutem nostram dēfendēmus. 6. Ingentia saxa dē montibus in flumen ceciderunt. 7. Caesar dicit ducem Helvētiōrum eo tempore mortuum esse. 8. Propter magnōs ventōs nāvēs nostrae lacum transire non poterant. 9. Proximo annō Ōceanum transībimus et eās urbēs clārās vidēbimus. 10. Eum Gallum qui in castrīs repertus est ad imperātōrem nostrum duc. 11. Proximō die soror tua in urbem pervēnit. 551. 1. Romans, defend your liberty and your native country. 2. Soldiers, advance and make an attack on the right wing of the enemy. 3. Boy, send this letter to (ad) my brother. 4. Marcus, give me the book which you have found. 5. The cavalry crossed the river together with the legion. SUGGESTED DRILL 1. Give the present active imperatives of laudo, habeō, and pōnō. 2. Give the present imperative of exeō. 3. Conjugate resistō in the perfect indicative active. 4. Explain the position of puer in sentence 1, section 550. 5. Decline quisque. 6. What Latin word can you trace in ventilate? LESSON XCV ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION: DATIVE WITH COMPOUND VERBS THE ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION 552. Verbs meaning to separate, remove, deprive of, be absent, and the like take the Ablative of Separation, often with the preposition ab or ex. Hi montēs Galliam ab Hispāniā dīvidunt, these mountains separate Gaul from Spain. a. A few examples of this use have occurred in previous exercises. THE DATIVE WITH COMPOUNDS 553. Verbs compounded with ante, ob, prae, and sub frequently have a dependent noun or pronoun in the dative case.1 Legiōni praeest, he is in command of the legion. a. If the simple verb from which the compound is formed is a transitive verb, the compound verb may take both the accusative and the dative. Labienum castris praefecit, he placed Labienus in command of the camp. 554. VOCABULARY acūtus, -a, -um, sharp neque, conj., nor, and . not praeficio, -ficere, -fēcī, -fec- a. The use of neque meaning and not is shown in such a sentence as Hic miles fortis est, neque hostes timet, this soldier is brave, and he does not fear the enemy. 555. 1. Magna flumina illōs agrōs fertiles Galliae à finibus nostrīs dividunt. 2. Tum Labienus centuriōnem his cohortibus praefecit et eum hostēs sequi iussit. 3. Regīna Hispāniae saepe in eā magnā urbe Galliae fuit. 4. Lēgātus qui tum exercitui praeerat numquam antea in ea provinciā 1 Other prepositions whose compounds sometimes take the dative are ad, circum, con, in, inter, post, prò, super. If the compounds of ad and in denote motion, the accusative with ad or in is regularly used. |