(8) A noun or pronoun in the ablative, together with an adjective, a participle, or another noun in agreement, may be used to denote some circumstance or event loosely connected with the rest of the sentence. (Ablative Absolute.) 458. (9) The measure or degree of difference is expressed by the ablative. (Ablative of Degree of Difference.) 408. (10) The ablative without a preposition is used to indicate in what respect a statement is true. (Ablative of Respect or Specification.) 389. (11) The ablative modified by an adjective may be used to describe a person or thing. (Ablative of Description.) 432. (12) The ablative is used to express cause. (Ablative of Cause.) 561. (13) Ūtor, fruor, fungor, potior, and vēscor take their objects in the ablative. (Ablative with Certain Deponents.) 479. THE VOCATIVE 663. The vocative denotes the person addressed. 539. MOODS THE INDICATIVE 664. The indicative is used in statements of fact and in questions which imply as answer a statement of fact. 39. THE IMPERATIVE 665. The imperative is used to express commands. 547. THE INFINITIVE 666. (1) The infinitive is sometimes used to complete the meaning of another verb, by denoting an action of the subject of the verb on which it depends. 358. (2) The infinitive with subject accusative is used with words of saying, hearing, knowing, thinking, believing, seeing, and the like. 494. THE GERUND 667. The gerund is a verbal noun, used only in four cases and in the singular number. The cases in which it is used are the genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative. 609. LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY A ā, ab, prep. with abl., from, by absum, abesse, äfui, àfutūrus, be away, be distant, be absent accēdō, -cēdere, -cessi, -cessum, approach, draw near accipio, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptum, receive accūsō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum, accuse, blame, reprimand aqua, -ae, F., water aquila, -ae, F., eagle arbitror, -ārī, arbitrātus sum, think arbor, arboris, F., tree arcus, -ūs, M., bow ars, artis, -ium, F., art arma, -ōrum, N. pl., arms, weapons armātus, -a, -um, armed arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum, plow ascendō, -ere, ascendi, ascensum, ascend auctōritās, -tātis, F., influence, authority audeō, -ēre, ausus sum, dare. audiō, -īre, -īvi, -itum, hear augeō, -ère, auxi, auctum, increase aurum, -i, N., gold celer, celeris, celere, swift celeritas, -tātis, F., speed celeriter, adv., swiftly cēlō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum, conceal centuriō, -ōnis, M., centurion cibus, -i, M., food Cicero, -ōnis, M., Cicero, a famous Roman orator cingō, -ere, cinxi, cinctum, surround circum, prep. with acc., around, about circumveniō, -venire, -vēnī, -ven tum, surround civilis, -e, civil civis, civis, -ium, M., citizen clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, cry out, shout clārus, -a, -um, famous, distinguished; bright, clear claudō, -ere, clausī, clausum, close coepi, coepisse, defective, began cognosco, -nōscere, -nōvī, -nitum, find out; perf., know cohors, cohortis, -ium, F., cohort, a division of the Roman army collis, collis, -ium, M., hill colloquium, -i, N., interview, conference commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, mention committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missum, unite, undertake, commit; proelium committere, begin battle communis, -e, common compleō, -ĕre, -ēvi, -ētum, fill, fill up concilium, -1, N., council concurrō, -currere, -curri, -cursum, run together condemnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, condemn (58) sum, try, cōnor, -ārī, cōnātus attempt cōnsilium, -ī, N., plan, counsel, advice cōnstantia, -ae, F., constancy constituō, -stituere, -stitui, -stitūtum, decide, determine; station consul, consulis, M., consul, one of the two chief magistrates at Rome contendo, -tendere, -tendi, -tentum, contend, fight; hasten contentus, -a, -um, satisfied, contented contrā, prep. with acc., against conveniō, -venire, -vēnī, -ventum, assemble convoco, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, call together cōpia, -ae, F., plenty; pl., forces, troops Cornelia, -ae, F., Cornelia (name of a woman or girl) cornů, -ūs, N., horn; wing (of an army) corona, -ae, F., garland, crown corpus, corporis, N., body cotidie, adv., every day, daily crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditum, believe, trust creō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum, elect discēdō, -cēdere, -cessi, -cessum, withdraw, depart dissimilis, -e, dissimilar, unlike diŭ, adv., long, for a long time dividō, -ere, divisi, divisum, divide, separate dō, dare, dedi, datum, give. dolor, dolōris, M., sorrow, suffering domicilium, -ī, N., residence, dwelling-place dominus, -i, M., master dōnum, -i, N., gift dūcō, -ere, duxi, ductum, lead duo, duae, duo, num. adj., two duplex, gen. duplicis, double, two-fold dux, ducis, M., leader exercitus, -ūs, M., army expectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, expect, await, wait for, wait expellō, -pellere, -puli, -pulsum, drive out, expel explōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, explore expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, take by storm, capture externus, -a, -um, foreign F fabula, -ae, F., story, tale facile, adv., easily facilis, -e, easy faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum, make, do factum, -ī, N., deed, action faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautum, favor felix, gen. fēlīcis, fortunate, happy fëmina, -ae, F., woman ferō, ferre, tuli, lātum, bear, bring, carry, endure ferōx, gen. ferocis, fierce ferus, -a, -um, fierce, wild finis, fīnis, -ium, м. end; pl. country firmus, -a, -um, strong, firm flōs, flōris, M., flower fluctus, -ūs, M., wave flūmen, fluminis, N., river folium, -i, N., leaf fortis, forte, brave fortiter, adv., bravely fortuna, -ae, F., fortune fossa, -ae, F., ditch fråter, frātris, M., brother frigidus, -a, -um, cold |