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النشر الإلكتروني

PRESENT INDICATIVE PASSIVE OF PORTŌ

130. The verb portō is conjugated in the present indicative

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a. These forms may also be translated by the progressive forms: I am being carried, you are being carried, he is being carried, etc.

PERSONAL ENDINGS

131. The personal endings used in the passive are as follows:

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a. In the first conjugation, the characteristic vowel -ā becomes short before -ntur, and it disappears before -or.

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133. 1. Pueri accusantur. 2. Periculum hujus bellī dēmōnstrātur. 3. Magnum templum in hoc oppido aedificatur. 4. Laudāmur; accusāminī; amantur. 5. Libros portat. 6. Libri portantur. 7. Haec epistula longa est. 8. Hae puellae nōn accusantur. 9. Femina huic puerō carrum dat.

There is also a form of the second person singular ending in -re. It is not used in the exercises of this book.

134. 1. We are building a temple. 2. A temple is being built. 3. The poet is praised. 4. These boys are loved. 5. This town is praised. 6. These men point out the dangers of war. 7. These sailors are not working.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. Translate in two different ways each of the following: ambulō, errāmus, laudat, stant, habitas. 2. Form two English sentences, one containing a verb in the progressive form in the active voice, the other containing a verb in the passive voice. 3. Conjugate laudō in the present indicative passive. 4. Translate laudātur in two different ways (see section 130 a.) 5. What was a porter originally employed to do?

LESSON XXII

ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT: ABLATIVE OF AGENT

THE ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT

135. The ablative with the preposition cum is used to denote the person with whom one is associated in doing an act. This is called the Ablative of Accompaniment.

Cum amico ambulō, I am walking with a friend.

a. The ablative of accompaniment also denotes the person with whom one is contending, in such sentences as The Romans waged war with the Germans.

THE ABLATIVE OF AGENT

136. With a passive verb the noun or pronoun which denotes the person by whom the act is done is put in the ablative with a or ab. This is called the Ablative of Agent.

Puer ab amico accusatur, the boy is censured by his friend.

a. Three facts are true of an ablative of agent. (1) It is used only with a passive verb. (2) It always has the preposition à or ab. (3) It denotes a person.

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nostrum mūtātur.

EXERCISES

138. 1. Puer ab amicō meō laudātur quod semper labōrat. 2. Puella magnum numerum rosārum portat. 3. Cōnsilium 4. Puella ā fēminā accūsātur quod in silvă cum filiā tua ambulat. 5. Ab amīcīs accusor quod non properō, sed culpa non mea est. 6. Nasus hujus virī longus est. 7. Templum in insulā ā servis aedificatur. 8. Hae silvae a multis poētis laudantur. 9. Sunt multae causae periculi in hōc oppido. 10. Filius tuus cum amicō meō in oppido habitat.

139. 1. The poet is walking in the field with the farmer. 2. The boy is censured by your friend, but the fault is mine. 3. There are many causes of this war. 4. The slave is walking with the sailors. 5. This temple is always praised by poets. 6. The slave hastens because he is carrying a letter.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. What are three points which distinguish the ablative of agent? 2. What preposition may be found with the ablative of accompaniment? 3. Point out all the occurrences of the ablative of agent in section 138; of the ablative of accompaniment. 4. Point out a verb in the progressive form of the active voice in section 139. 5. Point out all the passive verbs in section 138. 6. Give two English words which differ from their Latin equivalents only in having final e instead of final a.

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140. The demonstrative ille, that, points out a person or thing at some distance from the speaker in place, time, or thought. It is declined as follows:

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case.

DECLENSION OF IPSE

141. The pronoun ipse is called an Intensive Pronoun. Like the demonstratives, it is declined to show gender, number, and Its forms are translated myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, plural ourselves, yourselves, themselves. They are used to emphasize the pronoun or noun with which they agree. Thus, My brother himself told me.

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a. The only difference between the declension of ille

and ipse is that the neuter nominative and accusative singular of ille ends in -ud, while the corresponding forms of ipse end in -um.

THE ROMANCE ARTICLE

142. The words meaning the in French, Spanish, and Italian are derived from ille. They are, in the masculine, le in French, el in Spanish, and il or lo in Italian.

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144. 1. Illa puella in magna insulā habitat. 2. Oppidānī ipsi cum barbaris pugnant. 3. Ille vicus parvus est. 4. Filius illius feminae nauta est. 5. Filia hujus viri est puella bona. 6. Puella illi feminae epistulam non dat. 7. Ab ipso dominō servus laudātur. 8. Illí nautae in parvo vicō habitant. 9. Pueri properant quod periculum magnum est.

145. 1. Those barbarians live in the forests. 2. The sailors fight with those barbarians. 3. The boy himself is kind. 4. The son of that man is a poet. 5. We are censured by our friends themselves.

SUGGESTED DRILL

1. What kind of adjective (or pronoun) is ille? 2. What is the meaning of the plural forms of ille? 3. Decline together the words for that village. 4. What kind of ablative is barbaris in sentence 2, section 144? 5. Why is puella in sentence 5, section 144, a nominative? 6. What is the meaning of the Latin phrase multum in parvo?

1 There are some Latin nouns which are used only in the plural. The noun oppidānī is declined like the plural of dominus.

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