We have studied the effect of these particles by exposing biological specimens to the northern latitude's high altitude, fig. 348. This was a joint Air Force/ NASA program wherein NASA, AF SAM, and the AFIP cooperated to gather a wide range of information. Flights of over 130,000 feet for 4 hours or longer have been used.

Dr. Haymaker, a noted scientist in neuropathology, has been the principle investigator on these experiments and will carry on this effort in conjunction with those of GSFC at Fort Churchill, Canada, this summer.

Figure 349 shows the planned flight path for this summer's launchings and figure 350 demonstrates techniques and equipment for studies of this kind.

In the investigation and search for extraterrestrial life it has been decided that infrared studies in the 2 to 6 micron range is the most effective method now available with which to proceed (fig. 351).

Figure 352 depicts the flight programs to support these studies. The helicopter will be used for gathering downward looking control data-incidentally, also to check the instrument designed for use in the Venus and Mars flyby de

veloped by JPL-stable flight-from 1,000 to 5,000 feet above the earth or above the earth's reflected radiation. The Ballon and Schwartzchild's telescope above 60,000 feet above the water vapor will be used in the upward looking (at the Moon and planets) phase. In this IR range one would expect to identify material associated with life.

The JPL is presently working with Dr. Sagan of the University of California on this project. The Air Force is participating with logistical support (helicopters, etc.).

Study programs are now being accomplished in both the manned orbiting laboratories and for the manned lunar and planetary base.

The ground control experiments in this program area are now underway for lunar and future manned space flight needs. An example of this is the biological radiation satellites designed to follow the BIOS and balloon experiments for orbit in the Van Allen belts and above.

Figure 353. Experiments are presently incorporated into the X-15 aircraft. These are radiation counters which have tissue equivalent material around them and blocks of photographic emulsion which when struck by radioactive particles leave tracks. This aircraft is being used as a test bed for radiation instrumentation wherein confidence will be gained in the instrument and practice will be afforded in receiving and interpreting telemetered data.

Besides this radiation biology there are many experiments in the X-15 which give us information on man-such as control handling capability and medical monitoring information in a dynamic situation.

In the flight experiments the biological portion will be the responsibility of the life science facility at the Ames Research Center.

This year we are spending $1.25 million on this program, and next year as our recoverable satellite becomes available we expect to increase the amount by at least three times.

In summary, accelerated research and development in Aerospace Medicine and Space Biology is proposed to provide NASA with the vital information needed to design spacecraft adequate to insure the survival of crews and the effective accomplishment of a manned lunar landing during this decade. The core of the needed information will be achieved by a series of in-flight experiments utilizing biological specimens and men. The necessary ground-based research, development, and training of personnel will require full utilization of available government, university, and industrial life science capacity plus appropriate expansion of capability in new areas.

The CHAIRMAN. I have this question of someone: about this security clearance. I notice the new bill provides $1.1 million for security investigations. Is that in addition to the amendment which the committee adopted and which the House approved, setting aside not to exceed $2 million for the purpose of pushing that security clearance?