the candidate of the Socialist party who was defeated, was one of the Swedish delegation at the International Congress of Women at The Hague. TWO YEARS ago the Boston City Hospital opened its doors to a social service department under the direction of Gertrude L. Farmer backed by a voluntary committee. While this committee has had the friendly support of the trustees and medical staff of the hospital, it has not had support from the hospital funds nor been officially a part of its organization. As in many other hospitals throughout the country, social service entered as a guest, but became a member of the family. This has now taken place at the Boston City Hospital, for an appropriation has been made by the city government sufficient to employ five social workers and these are now starting work. The voluntary committee continues, so that the department is supported partly by private and partly by public funds. NEWSPAPER stories about the devotion of Irish priests at the British war front coincide with the appearance of the Catholic Social Year Book for 1917, which brings accounts of British Catholic war work among the civil population. Schools for mothers, thrift, temperance, the defective child, agricultural organization, educational improvement and citizenship are among the subjects dealt with. The Catholic Social Guild last year held its annual conference at Oxford, where such subjects as care for soldiers' children, training in citizenship and soldiers' clubs were discussed. THREE years ago nine woman's organizations in Philadelphia-the Equal Franchise Society, the Women's League for Good Government, the New Century, the Philomusian Club, the Civic Club, the College Club, the Home and School League, the Agnes Irwin Alumnae, and the Jewish Council of Women, Philadelphia section-founded the Monday Conference for the open discussion of public questions. Membership has now grown from nine organizations to eighty, and 380 individual members. It is an important and large body of women keeping in constant The touch with questions of social concern. first ten minutes of each meeting, Monday afternoon throughout the months of January, February, March and April, is given to a quick review by the chairman of the most important legislation, city, state and national, for the past week, and a program follows on some particular phase of government or reform. The The first year's program treated merely of legislative subjects, the idea of the founders being to keep women informed of bills concerning educational and political change. The second year the conference grew rapidly in membership and began the study of city administration, prisons, and industrial disturbance. third season of the conference recently closed with a series of meetings devoted to "home problems in war time," under the cooperation of the Wharton School of Commerce and Finance and the Pennsylvania Rural Progress Association. The Woman on the Farm, Vocational Schools in Rural Communities, a State System of Marketing, the National Food Supply and Increasing Food Production were some of the subjects. No resolutions are passed and no public action is taken by the conference as an organized body, though speakers are free to ask for cooperation of the membership as clubs or as individuals. Mrs, Frank Miles Day is chairman of the conference committee, and Mary A. Burnham, Mary Ingham, Fannie Cochran, Dr. Florence Kraker, and Mrs. Thomas Raeburn White are among its members. PAMPHLETS CRIME BEHIND THE GRAY WALLS AND AFTER. Salvation Army Prison Department, 120 West 14 street, New York city. EDUCATION REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL EDUCA TION. Presented at the twenty-second annual convention. National Association of Manufacturers, 30 Church street, New York City. A SCALE FOR GRADING NEIGHBORHOOD CONDITIONS. By J. Harold Williams. Department of Research Bulletin No. 5. Whittier State School, California. EDUCATIONAL CONTROL OF NATIONAL SERVICE. BY LABOR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE. By John P. Frey. CAUSES OF DEATH BY OCCUPATION. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, whole number 207; Industrial Accidents and Hygiene Series, No. 11. 10 cents from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. cents. 7 CARE AND TREATMENT OF ALCOHOLIC AND DRUG • ADDICTS, including a Directory of Public Institutions. By Joseph J. Weber, State Charities Aid Association, 105 East 22 street, New York city. FACTS AND FALLACIES OF COMPULSORY HEALTH IN- THE APPLICATION OF THE STATISTICAL METHOD TO AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND BIRTH CONTROL. from the New York Medical Journal. By Louis I. Dublin, statistician, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1 Madison avenue, New York. MISCELLANEOUS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN WAR-TIME. Published by American Union Against Militarism, Munsey building, Washington, D. C. THE FIRST CASUALTIES IN WAR. By Harry Weinberger. Reprinted from New York Evening Post. American Union Against Militarism, Munsey building, Washington, D. C. CONSCRIPTION AND THE CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR TO WAR. Published by American Union Against Militarism, Munsey building, Washington, D. C. PATRIOTISM AND PACIFISTS IN WAR TIME. Jane Addams. Reprinted from City Club Bulletin, Chicago. INTEMPERANCE AND POVERTY; CAUSE OR EFFECT? From Bolton Hall's book Thrift. B. W. Huebsch, New York city. WHAT DO YOU DO IN AMERICA? By Edith Terry Premer. Young Women's Christian Association, 600 Lexington avenue, New York city. GENERAL POPULATION AND INSURANCE MORTALITY COMPARED. By George H. Van Buren, supervisor, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1 Madison avenue, New York. $1.10. 169 pp. POVERTY AND ITS VICIOUS CIRCLES. By Jamieson of the SURVEY, $2.15. DOMINIE DEAN. By Ellis Parker Butler. Fleming H. Revell Co. 302 pp. Price $1.35; by mail of the SURVEY, $1.47. THOMAS MAURICE MULRY. han. Encyclopedia Press. cloth; $1, paper; by mail or $1.10. RUSSIAN COURT MEMOIRS, 1914-16. Dutton & Co. 315 pp. the SURVEY, $5.15. SECOND WIND. By Thomas F. Mee247 pp. Price $1.50, of the SURVEY, $1.60 Anon. E. P. Price $5; by mail of By Freeman Tilden. B. W. Huebsch. 169 pp. Price $1; by mail of the SURVEY, $1.10. DOWNWARD PATHS. By a Trust. Macmillan Co. 200 pp. Price $1; by mail of the SURVEY. $1.10. EDUCATION AFTER THE WAR. By J. H. Badley. 125 pp. Longmans, Green & Co. Price $1.25; by mail of the SURVEY, $1.31. THE MENACE OF PEACE. By George D. Herron. Mitchell Kennerley. 110 pp. Price $1; by mail An of the SURVEY, $1.06. Houghton Mifflin Co. THE BUREAU OF PHILANTHROPIC RESEARCH. agency for community self-analysis and co-operation. By Abraham Oseroff, United Hebrew Charities, New York city. SHALL INCOMES DEVOTED TO CONTRIBUTIONS AND DOMESTIC SERVICE. By Mrs. George Weymss. 112 pp. Price $1; by mail of the SURVEY, $1.06. THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN PEACE. Quin, E. P. Dutton & Co. by mail of the SURVEY, $3.20. PAPERS FROM PICARDY. By T. W. Pym and G. Gordon. Houghton Mifflin Co. 227 pp. Price $1.50; by mail of the SURVEY, $1.60. OLIVER HASTINGS, V. C. By Escott Lynn. E. P. Dutton & Co. 404 pp. Price $1.50; by mail of the SURVEY $1.62. IRENE TO THE RESCUE. Dutton & Co. the SURVEY $1.62. THE SONG PLAY BOOK. Wollaston. A. S. Barnes Co. $1.60; by mail of the SURVEY $1.70. I FOREIGN SERVICE DEPARTMENT N January the SURVEY called to this new desk Bruno Lasker, recently on the staff of the Mayor's Committee on Unemployment of New York, and previously associated for nine years in social investigations with the English economist and social reformer, B. Seebohm Rowntree. Mr. Lasker brings to his task unusual technical equipment and acquaintance with men and measures abroad. Born in Germany, he went to England as a young man and was engaged for several years with Mr. Rowntree in his studies of unemployment, poor law reform and social insurance, of land and labor in Belgium, of housing and city planning in England and Germany, and of continuation schools in Germany and Switzerland. He was one of the principal investigators, both in England and on the continent, in connection with Mr. Lloyd George's "land enquiry." Mr. Lasker speaks three languages and reads more and has been identified with the Jewish and Quaker groups, perhaps the most internationally-minded among all peoples. T HE general endeavor of the new department is to aid in the discussion of American social problems by bringing together the results of current foreign experience and the judgments of foreign workers engaged in solving similar problems. More particularly, it will keep socially minded Americans abreast of legislative and administrative measures worked out under pressure of war which may be suggestive in our own development during and after the war. It will exhibit the work of relief and reconstruction in Europe in its social and practical aspects, so as to provide American generosity with a background of first hand information. It will interpret the social and constructive aspects of those tidal social movements abroad which, like the Russian Revolution, profoundly affect and influence the forces everywhere which make for progress and democracy. It will follow those aspects of international negotiation and settlement which have to do with the safeguarding not only of the weaker nations, but of the weaker peoples within the strong nations in their culture, their welfare, and their liberties. It will interpret the life, labor, aspiration and outlook of the various immigrant groups which enter into the American composition. T YOUR COOPERATION INVITED HERE is a growing body of social workers who feel that at a time of world changes, affecting every phase of our life and labor, American social movements are challenged to think in broader terms; to see to it that, in the formative years ahead, the social values we have struggled for in American life shall be projected along with our trade expansion or our participation in international policy. Among all these, this new department of the SURVEY should find friends. The editors are eager for cooperation not merely from present readers but from internationally and socially minded men and women everywhere. Correspondence, reports, monographs, first-hand information and interpretation of conditions and experience are invited. THE SURVEY, 112 East 19 Street, New York June Acknowledgments Cooperating Subscribers Bennett, Miss Marion Bruere, Robert C. C. Kelly, Dr. Howard A. La Monte, Miss Caroline B. Macomber, Miss Bertha Manny, Frank A. McCormick, Mrs. Harold F. Monday Evening Club of Boston Morgan, Miss Anne Neill, Charles P. Pell, Thorold W. Rike, F. H. Ryerson, Miss Susan P. Saltonstall, Mrs. Robert Schieffelin, Dr. William Jay Schleiter, W. F. Sedgwick, Rev. Theodore Shaw, Mrs. W. A. Thorsen, Mrs. W. R. Titsworth, F. S. Tucker, Frank Walker, Dr. W. K. Weihl, Miss Addie Williams, Mrs. George R. liminary arrangements for the Commission for the Dr. Miller, who will take charge of those phases of the work relating to medical relief, is professor of clinical medicine in Columbia University, director of tuberculosis work of Bellevue Hospital and president of the Association of Tuberculosis Clinics in New York city. He is recognized as standing in the front rank of his profession in the field of tuberculosis. Homer Folks is the secretary of the New York State Charities Aid Association and has, for many years, been prominent in modern health legislation and its application. He is a member of the Public Health Council of New York state and a former presi HOMER FOLKS dent of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, as well as of the National Conference of Social Work. In addition to his connection with the commission, Mr. Folks will take charge of the tuberculosis relief work of the American Red Cross in France and thus assure complete cooperation in attacking this problem. Selskar M. Gunn holds a professorship in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the secretary of the American Public Health Association, and editor of the American Journal of Public Health. He has SELSKAR M. GUNN had long experience in public health administration and in the working out of the new health laws of Massachusetts. His work in France will be specifically to take charge of the educational campaign which the commission proposes to inaugurate. The high death-rate of France from tuberculosis even in normal times, plus the terrible increase of this disease since the outbreak of war (see the SURVEY, May 5) makes such prompt action of greatest importance. It is reported that fully 150,000 soldiers have been discharged because of tuberculosis; refugees and returned prisoners are breaking down from the same cause. The estimate of 500,000 cases is considered conservative. New Business Executives for the Red Cross WO new appointments in the American Red Cross have been announced within the past fortnight by Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Red Cross War Council. John D. Ryan, president of the Anaconda Copper Company, succeeds as director-general of military relief Col. Jefferson H. Kean, who is to command the ambulance sections in France. Harvey D. Gibson, president of the Liberty National Bank of New York city, has been named for a new post, that of general manager, made necessary by the pressure of work upon the acting chairman, Eliot Wadsworth. Mr. Gibson has been chairman of the ex ecutive committee of the New York county chapter of the Red Cross, and he was head of the committee that went to Europe on the cruiser Tennessee to distribute gold to marooned Americans. As general manager he will be, in effect, an operating field head of the Red Cross, under the acting chairman, for the whole country. He will direct the work of the chapters and it will be his purpose, said Mr. Davison, "to consolidate a great many departments and bureaus which up to this time have been functioning independently and are now to be brought into cooperation and directed toward a definite end." THE SURVET Zones of Safety Texas Cantonment Cities Made Safe for Health and Decency N OT two months ago a man widely experienced in vice conditions in the United States was asked if there were any open red-light districts worse than the one in El Paso. "Yes," he answered, "there is one. It is in San Antonio." The letter of Secretary of War Baker warning these Texas cities that they must clean up their moral conditions if they expected to retain troops in their vicinities or to be selected as cantonment sites has acted on local public opinion, to quote one correspondent, "like the wind which sometimes blows. the smoke from off a battlefield. It did not create sentiment so much as it uncovered it." While even a few weeks ago a doctor who pleaded with the county medical society of San Antonio for their support in the elimination of the vice districts met with indifference and even ridicule, the sentiment in favor of such action crystallized into a movement of surprising strength as soon as it became clear that the war department meant what it said. Three days after the ultimatum was delivered, scarcely a vestige of the old life remained in San Antonio. The windows of the houses of prostitution were boarded up; the segregated district was closed; the neighboring saloons went out of business. In April and May expectation of a large military camp had attracted to this city the worst elements from every part of the state. On April 19, when Fort Worth cleaned up, three car loads of undesirables came to San Antonio. No less than a thousand prostitutes were licensed and permitted to ply their trade both inside and outside the district. An investigator computed that the total number of prostitutes in the city, including those without registration card from the physicians of the health department, was possibly four or five times as great. During the encampments on the border the prevalence of venereal diseases among the troops stationed at San Antonio was greater than at any other camp or army post. Not many weeks ago, from one to two hundred prostitutes were concentrated for treatment at the Poor Farm in tents of Fort Sam Houston. Here, as at El Paso, the change of heart was largely due to the keen desire to retain the troops and to be selected for cantonment sites. As one citizen expressed it: "Our citizens must choose immediately between the big business of these women and their exploiters and the big business of 50,000 soldiers. Whom will they serve?" But there has also been a real change of heart on the part of many prominent business men who had previously been inclined to favor the retention of a segregated district. Raymond Fosdick had investigated vice conditions surrounding the soldiers and reported his findings to the secretary of war; M. J. Exner, in the April number of Social Hygiene, had published the results of his six weeks' studies on the border; Dr. Coulton had sent his story to the Bureau of Social Hygiene of the Rockefeller Foundation after a week's inquiry in San Antoniothe whole country had become aroused to the danger of these conditions to any large body of young men which might be quartered in their vicinity. It was only natural that so general a condemnation should stimulate to action the best forces in the state itself. The editor of the El Paso Herald, a newspaper which had hitherto acquiesced in the policy of segregation, came out in a strong editorial for the enforcement of the law and urged "that as the segregated area had been established for forty years and had proven a failure, the city give the policy of non-segregation a trial of forty years before deciding against it." So the red-light district was given four days' time to close up, and on Saturday, June 9, the policy went into force and caused every crib and house to be vacated. None of them have been used since for immoral purposes. Already four of the houses have been rented, and "for rent" signs are on dozens of others. Houses which brought $20 per week when used for immoral purposes are now rented for $10 a month. The chief of police at El Paso who, according to one correspondent, has always been opposed to the policy of segregation which he was obliged to administer, entered the new policy with enthusiasm and is working hard with his force to clean up apartment houses, hotels and other places which have been used for immoral purposes. He estimates that three-fourths of the professional prostitutes left the city with the closing of the district and that over half of the reniainder have left since. In the meantime a vigorous promotion of constructive action has been inaugurated in both cities. In El Paso the citizens have taken up the question of providing recreation fa |