Psychological Review, المجلد 31James Mark Baldwin, James McKeen Cattell, Howard Crosby Warren, John Broadus Watson, Herbert Sidney Langfeld, Carroll Cornelius Pratt, Theodore Mead Newcomb American Psychological Association, 1924 The journal publishes articles that make important theoretical contributions to any area of scientific psychology. The APA provides access to the tables of contents for the current and previous issues. Manuscript submission guidelines and subscription details are available. |
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action activity American Psychological Association animal association basis become behaviorist biophysical biosocial brain called central nervous system complex concept conditioned reflex connection consciousness coöperative covert behavior definite determined effect emotional experience experimental experimental psychology explanation fact factors false reactions follows formulation Freudian functions given habit heredity human behavior hypnosis individual instinct intellect intelligence introspective introversion and extroversion introvert involved irreversible SP-LR relationship laboratory language response law of effect learning meaning measure mechanism ment mental test method monism motor movements nature negativistic nervous system neural neurons object observation organism overt pathways pattern perception person phenomena physical physiological possible present problem psychic PSYCHOL psychological types psychology question redintegrative relation result scientific sensation sense sensorimotor sensory social stimulus stimulus-response substitute suggestible symbolic synapses tasks tendency theory things thinking thought tion Type-X situation verbal visceral words
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 402 - By a satisfying state of affairs is meant roughly one which the animal does nothing to avoid, often doing such things as attain and preserve it. By an annoying state of affairs is meant roughly one which the animal avoids or changes.
الصفحة 417 - And as each one's special kind of absolute truth, reason, and justice is again conditioned by his subjective understanding, his conditions of existence, the measure of his knowledge and his intellectual training, there is no other ending possible in this conflict of absolute truths than that they shall be mutually exclusive one of the other.
الصفحة 37 - The formulation of the behavioristic position is then expressed in the statement that all human conduct and achievement reduces to nothing but: (a) different kinds of electron-proton groupings characterized according to symmetry or geometrical structure} (b) the motions that occur when one structural or dynamic form changes into another.
الصفحة 406 - By original nature a certain situation starts a behavior-series: this involves not only actual conduction along certain neurones and across certain synapses, but also the readiness of others to conduct.* The sight of the prey makes the animal run after it, and also puts the conductions and connections involved in jumping upon it when near into a state of excitability or readiness to be made.
الصفحة 153 - When put into the box, the cat would show evident signs of discomfort and of an impulse to escape from confinement. It tries to squeeze through any opening; it claws and bites at the bars or wire; it thrusts its paws out through any opening and claws at everything it reaches; it continues its efforts when it strikes anything loose and shaky ; it may claw at things within the box. It...
الصفحة 149 - Of several responses made to the same situation, those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed by discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connections with that situation weakened, so that, when it recurs, they will be less likely to occur. The greater the...
الصفحة 408 - I believe that the original tendencies of man to be satisfied and to be annoyed — to welcome and reject — are described by these three laws of readiness and unreadiness: — (1) that when a conduction unit is ready to conduct, conduction by it is satisfying, nothing being done to alter its action, (2...
الصفحة 406 - The activities of the neurones which cause behavior are by original nature often arranged in long series involving all degrees of preparedness for connection-making on the part of some as well as actual connection-making on the part of others. .When a child sees an attractive object at a distance, his neurones may be said to prophetically prepare for the whole series of fixating it with the eyes, running toward it, seeing it within reach, grasping, feeling it in his hand, and curiously manipulating...
الصفحة 465 - We are less astonished at this "endless repetition of the same" if there is involved a question of active behavior on the part of the person concerned, and if we detect in his character an unalterable trait which must always manifest itself in the repetition of identical experiences. Far more striking are those cases where the person seems to be experiencing something passively, without exerting any influence of his own, and yet always meets with the same fate over and over again.
الصفحة 396 - There is a famous incident that occurred in a Swiss psychological laboratory, when a foreign student was supposed to be memorizing a list of nonsense syllables. After the list had been passed before him many times without his giving the expected signal that he was ready to recite, the experimenter remarked that he seemed to be having trouble in memorizing the syllables. " Oh ! I didn't understand that I was to learn them ", he said, and it was found that, in fact, he had made almost no progress towards...