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ARTICLE III.

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner: nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE IV.

The right of the people to be secured in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

ARTICLE V.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensa

tion.

ARTICLE VI.

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.

ARTICLE VII.

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

ARTICLE X.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

ARTICLE XI.

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

ARTICLE XII.

The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-president: and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice-president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate; the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted: the person having the greatest number of votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president.

The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president, shall be the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice-president: a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of senators and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.

But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the United States.

[NOTE....The eleventh article of the amendments to the constitution was proposed at the second session of the third congress; the twelfth article, at the first session of the eighth congress.]

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Concerning dangers from foreign force and influence, — (Jay,)

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Concerning dangers from war between the states, - (Hamilton,)

No. VII.

The subject continued, and particular causes enumerated,- (Hamilton,)

No. VIII.

The effects of internal war in producing standing armies, and other institu-
tions unfriendly to liberty,(Hamilton,)

No. IX.

The utility of the union as a safeguard against domestic faction and insurrec-
tion, (Hamilton,)'

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The same subject continued,- (Madison,)

PAGE.

7

10

14

17

21

24

28

33

38

No. X.

42

No. XI.

The utility of the union in respect to commerce and a navy,— (Hamilton,)

48

No. XII.

The utility of the union in respect to revenue,- (Hamilton,)

No. XIII.

The same subject continued, with a view to economy, — (Hamilton,)

No. XIV.

An objection drawn from the extent of country answered,- (Madison,)

No. XV.

Concerning the defects of the present confederation, in relation to the prin-
ciple of legislation for the states in their collective capacities,

No. XVI.

54

58

60

(Hamilton,) 65

The same subject continued, in relation to the same principles, — (Hamilton,) 71

No. XVII.

The subject continued, and illustrated by examples, to show the tendency of
federal governments, rather to anarchy among the members, than tyranny
in the head,— (Hamilton,)

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No. XVIII.

The subject continued, with further examples, - (Madison,)

No. XIX.

The subject continued, with further examples,- (Madison,)

No. XX.

The subject continued, with further examples, - (Madison,)

No. XXI.

Further defects of the present constitution,— (Hamilton,)

No. XXII.

The same subject continued, and concluded,- (Hamilton,)

No. XXIII.

The necessity of a government, at least equally energetic with the one pro-
posed,

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(Hamilton,)

No. XXIV.

The subject continued, with an answer to an objection concerning standing
armies, (Hamilton,)

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No. XXV.

The subject continued, with the same view,— (Hamilton,)

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No. XXVI.

The subject continued, with the same view,- (Hamilton,)

116

No. XXVII.

The subject continued, with the same view,- (Hamilton,)

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121

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127

No. XXX.

132

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Concerning the difficulties which the convention must have experienced in
the formation of a proper plan, — (Madison,)

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No. XXXVIII.

The subject continued, and the incoherence of the objections to the plan
exposed,- (Madison,)

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No. XXXIX.

The conformity of the plan to republican principles; an objection in respect
to the powers of the convention, examined,- (Madison,)

The same objection further examined,— (Madison,)

No. XL.

No. XLI.

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167

174

179

General view of the powers proposed to be vested in the union, — (Madison,) 185

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The same view continued and concluded,- (Madison,)

A further discussion of the supposed danger from the powers of the union,
to the state governments,

No. XLV.

(Madison,)

No. XLVI.

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The subject of the last paper resumed; with an examination of the compar-
ative means of influence of the federal and state governments,- (Madison,) 217

No. XLVII.

The meaning of the maxim, which requires a separation of the departments
of power, examined and ascertained, — (Madison,)

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The same subject continued, with a view to the means of giving efficacy in
practice to that maxim,

No. XLIX.

The same subject continued, with the same view,- (Madison,)

No. L.

The same subject continued, with the same view,- (Madison,)

No. Ll.

The same subject continued, with the same view, and concluded, — (Madi-
son,)

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Concerning the house of representatives, with a view to the qualifications of
the electors and elected, and the time of service of the members,- (Mad-
ison,)

No. LIII.

The same subject continued, with a view of the term of service of the
members, (Madison,)

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The same subject continued, with a view to the ratio of representation, -
(Madison,)

No. LV.

The same subject continued, in relation to the total number of the body,-
(Madison,)

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