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The taking and canning of these excellent fish constitute, in fact, the most thriving industry of the State. Some thirty canneries are now in full operation, with a working force of from four to five thousand men.

In 1876, 428,730 cans of salmon were put up by the seventeen canneries then existing, and for the present season, 1877, 600,000 cans may be stated as a fair estimate of the products.

Two years ago the canneries tried the experiment of canning beef for shipment to England, with most satisfactory results. In 1876 the canneries shipped 33,250 cans of beef, and this branch of the business will undoubtedly increase largely in the near future.

The woolen factories of the State are thoroughly conducted, and are in a high degree prosperous. There are four now in operation at select points, and their manufacture of cassimeres, flannels, and blankets have a high reputation both at home and abroad, and meet with a ready sale. Oregon blankets command the best prices in New York. These establishments consume about 1,250,000 pounds of raw material annually. The goods manufactured represent a gold value of $1,000,000.

Flour keeps pace with wheat culture. There are quite a number of first class mills in the State, run by water and steam, with the capacity of 500 barrels of 196 pounds each per day. The surplus product is shipped to England, China, and other ports, where, on account of superior quality, it commands the highest price.

Lumbering is one of the most extensive and important branches of local industry. We have almost inexhaustible forests of the finest timber known. The Oregon exhibit of staple and fancy lumber at Philadelphia in 1876 excited the wonder and admiration of all present. The best ship timber in use is obtained from our woods at Coos and Yaquina Bays, Port Orford, and at many places on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers. Extensive mills are established, many of which turn out from seventy-five to one hundred thousand feet of lumber each day. The lumber, over and above home consumption, is shipped to San Francisco, China, South America, and the Sandwich Islands. The annual export is estimated at 100,000,000 feet.

MINES AND MINING.

The mineral wealth of the State has not been fully developed, for want of sufficient capital, but mining is undoubtedly one of the leading interests of the country. It is certain that immense bodies of gold, silver, copper, iron, and cinnabar ore exist in various parts of the State, and many valuable mines in Southern and Eastern Oregon are being successfully worked. The annual gold product of the State is about $1,500,000. Very extensive coal beds have been discovered, and some of them are being vigorously developed.

PUBLIC SURVEYS IN OREGON.

I have to say that the delay of Congress in passing the appropriation for surveys last year materially affected the prosecution of field work in this district, as the usual letter of instructions from your office reached us so late in the summer that the depaties, for the most part of the work, were unable to take the field. The surveys were, however, contracted for to the fullest extent of the appropriation, and are now being executed. Some work was and is now being done near Harney Lake and along Camp Creek, Eastern Oregon, and a limited amount in Nehalem Valley, in the western part of the State. The subdivisional surveys authorized by the government on Siletz Indian reservation were completed and the returns submitted and approved.

There is every promise of a fine open season the current year, and the surveys will be forwarded with as much dispatch as possible. The work pro proposed for the current year is under contract, and has been distributed throughout the State with a conscientious regard for the most urgent needs of the service.

The estimates for surveys in Oregon for 1879 are based upon a candid opinion of the absolute requirements of the country, and it is to be hoped will meet with your approval and the favorable consideration of Congress.

SWAMP LANDS.

Swamp land selections, comprehending a vast area of country, have been reported to this office by the authorities of the State, and will be considered and passed upon as rapidly as the nature of the case will admit.

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS.

There is, I presume, no State in the Union better provided with public and private schools than the State of Oregon, as is shown by the following, compile from the biennial report of the superintendent of public instruction for the year 1875-76: Number of public schools in the State, 745; of this number, 26 colleges and academies. Number of private schools, 132; making a total of 877 schools. Number of pupils enrolled in public schools, 24,854; number of pupils in attendance in public schools, 18,005; number of pupils in attendance in private schools, 3,355; total, 21,360.

To conclude this brief summary of resources, &c., of the State, permit me to say that Oregon is one of the most healthful portions of the United States. The death rate of the State is less than that of any State or Territory except Idaho.

Taxation is quite reasonable and the public indebtedness not large, being in fact limited by constitutional enactment.

Very respectfully,

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BEN. SIMPSON, Surveyor General of Oregon.

A.-Statement showing condition of contracts not closed at date of last annual report.

2$2, 094 69 Complete.

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* Indicates amount subdivided into twenty acre lots in the Silez Indian reservation.

Number.

Date.

Name of deputy.

Location and description of lines.

1873.

195 July 2 J. M. Dick

range 10 west.

range 11 west.

Exterior and subdivisional lines of township 12 south,

range 12 west.

1874.

Subdivisional lines of township 14 south, range 10 west.

219 Sept. 11 F. W. Colbrook

range 14 west.

Exterior and subdivisional lines of township 34 south, range 15 west.

1875.

13 45 15

13 45 15

3, 467.11 1113

240 July 21 John A. Hurlburt Subsection lines of township 9 south, range 9 west

67 05 67

67 05 67

3,040.00* 1 1 1 3 5,553 96

1876.

Subsection lines of township 9 south, range 10 west
Subsection lines of township 10 south, range 9 west
Subsection lines of township 10 south, range 10 west
Subdivisional lines of township 10 south, range 9 west...
Subdivisional lines of township 10 south, range 10 west

127 73 89

127 73 89

6, 455.04* 1113

70 23 67

70 23 67

3, 463.63 1113

123 29 47

123 29 47

5,924.50 1113

6 04 16

6 04 16

2,295.74 1 113

2 79 70

2 79 70

640.00 1 113

249 May 17 William P. Wright Subdivisional lines of township 29 south, range 14 west.. 250 June 8....do

Subdivisional lines of township 29 south, range 11 west.. 100 00

Total miles surveyed..
Total acres surveyed....
Total plats made....
Total cost of survey

11 74 90

11 74 70

3,801.32

1113

167 10

2 56 90

2 56 90

960.00

2215

53 95

Portland, Oreg., June 30, 1877.

UNITED STATES SURVEYOR GENEBAL'S OFFICE,

BEN. SIMPSON,

Surveyor General of Oregon.

Contract.

B.-Statement of surveying contracts made under appropriation for fiscal year ending June 30, 1877.

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251 Sept. 6, 1876 Alonzo Gesner... The fourth standard parallel south, west through

ranges 20, 19, and 18 east to intersection of
Deschute's guide meridian; the exterior bound-
aries of townships 18, 19, and 20 south, ranges
18, 19, and 20 east; townships 16, 17, 18, 19, and
20 south, range 17 east; the subdivisional lines
of townships 18, 19, and 20 south, ranges 19 and
20 east; townships 18 and 19 south, range 18
east; and townships 16, 17, and 18 south, range
17 east, Willamette meridian, Oregon.

252 Sept. 6, 1876 John W. Meldrum. The sixth standard parallel south, from the cor

ner of townships 30 and 31 south, ranges 40 and
41 east, in the Grande Ronde guide meridian,
west through ranges 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33,
32, 31, and 30 east; the exterior boundaries of
townships 28, 29, and 30 south, ranges 30, 31, 32,
and 33 east; fractional township 27 south, ranges
30, 31, 32, and 33 east; the subdivisional lines of
township 28 south, ranges 30, 31, 32, and 33 east;
townships 29 and 30 south, ranges 31 and 32
east, and the subdivisional and meander lines
of fractional township 27 south, range 31 east,
Willamette meridian.

253 Sept. 6, 1876 Meldrum & Moore The exterior boundaries of township 25 south,

ranges 38 and 39 east; townships 26, 27, 28, 29,
and 30 south, ranges 34, 35, and 36 east; and the
subdivisional lines of township 26 south, ranges
34, 35, and 36 east; townships 27 and 28 south,
ranges 34 and 35 east; township 25 south, ranges
38 and 39 east, and the subdivisional and mean-
der lines of fractional townships 26 and 27 south,
range 33 east, Willamette meridian.

254 Sept. 7, 1876 John Campbell... The exterior boundaries and subdivisional lines

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255 Sept. 12, 1876 H. C. Perkins

of township 4 north, range 5 west, and exterior
boundaries of township 3 north, range 5 west.
The fifth standard parallel south, from the corner
to township 25 south, ranges 22, 21, 20, and 19
east; the exterior boundaries and subdivisional
lines of townships 26 and 27 south, ranges 21
and 22 east, and township 27 south, range 23 east.

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B.-Statement of surveying contracts made under appropriation for fiscal year ending June 30, 1877-Continued.

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