Figure 1-7. Interior View of Apollo 2TV-1 (CSM).

stack" static and dynamic tests were assembled and checkout was in progress. The docked modal tests were planned for August. "One engine out" test preparations were to begin in July.

Tests of Lunar Module Test Article (LTA) 8 constraining LM-3 were completed. The LTA-8 vehicle was being modified to the LM-5 configuration for similar tests.

Flammability tests constraining LM-3 were scheduled for completion in July 1968. These additional tests were required because of the differences in the cabin area of LM-3 and LM-2.

CSM and LM production continued to pace the delivery of flight vehicles. Spacecraft changes, in addition to those made after the Apollo 204 accident, contributed to delays. Production schedules were based on a three-shift operation, seven days per week with little or no allowance for trouble shooting and changes. All changes continued to be placed under close scrutiny by the MSC Configuration Control Board.

Apollo Applications

The Apollo Applications Program (AAP) continued to focus on the use of capabilities developed in the Apollo Program to expand man's knowledge of space.

The AAP objectives remain as described in the 18th Semiannual Report but financial restraints have emphasized the need for efficient use of resources. Since first proposed, AAP planning has involved

long duration earth orbital missions for scientific, technological, medical, and human factors purposes; for solar astronomy studies; and for extended lunar exploration missions.

AAP Objectives

Long duration space flights will involve the use of the unique capabilities of man as a participant in space flight activities. Habitability, biomedical, behavioral and work effectiveness experiments will be performed to determne how man is able to function in the environment of space. Systems and subsystems of space vehicles will also be evaluated for long duration flights in a series of steps of increasing duration, complexity and capability.

The first step in applying manned space systems to the achievement of major scientific objectives will be in solar astronomy. Later, both earth and astronomical observations will also be performed.

Experiments will be performed to study the useful application of space systems to meteorology, earth resources and communications.

AAP Management

Financial restrictions have made it impossible to proceed with Saturn IB Apollo Applications launches concurrently with the Apollo Program flights in 1968 and 1969. As a result, the AAP was delayed and the number of flights was reduced. However, the operational content of the early portion of the program remained substantially the

same.

During the report period, because of uncertainties regarding Congressional action, the AAP initiated a "holding action." This holding action resulted in additional slippages in schedules and deferment of certain management actions. The concept of an Apollo Applications "Core Program" developed because of the financial constraints. Planning was underway around a "core" of a limited number of launches (AAP-1 through AAP-6, including AAP-3A). The core program includes a Saturn I Workshop dual launch mission, a Revisit single launch mission, a Solar Astronomy dual launch mission, and a backup Saturn I Workshop dual launch mission. The initial AAP flight, the Saturn I Workshop, was deferred until late 1970. The other "core program" launches were correspondingly delayed. The flexibility, however, remains to expand the technical efforts beyond the "core program" when adequate funding becomes available and additional scientific, technological, and operational endeavors are identified. Program Status

AAP missions continued to be based on the concept of the maximum use of existing hardware, launch vehicles, and spacecraft developed for the Apollo Program. In addition, concepts of revisit, reuse, re

supply, and repair of equipment in orbit are to be tested and evaluated from an economic standpoint. AAP flight mission planning is focused on earth orbital missions using the Saturn IB launch vehicle.

Saturn I Workshop Mission.-Initial operations with the Saturn I Workshop are planned in late 1970. Crew living quarters and experiment operations spaces are set up inside the empty hydrogen tank of a spent S-IVB stage after its actual use as a launch vehicle second stage. This workshop then serves as living and working quarters for the crew. (Fig. 1-8.)

The Saturn I Workshop mission requires the launch of two Saturn IB vehicles. An unmanned flight, consisting of a Saturn IB with a modified S-IVB stage, an Airlock Module and a Docking Adapter, will be launched first. This launch is designated AAP-1. The manned Apollo Command Module with its Service Module will rendezvous and dock with the S-IVB stage of the first flight. The hydrogen tank of the unmanned S-IVB stage will have been modified so that it can be made safe for occupancy and used for living and working quarters. The experiments planned on this mission are chiefly devoted to the study of men in space over extended periods of time. Habitability experiments to be performed will include crew quarters evaluation, food and food preparation, personal hygiene provisions, space suits evaluation, and mobility devices. Extensive medical evaluations of the effects of long duration space flight on the crew will be made. The

ability of the crew to move and assemble equipment will be studied, and their performance of large scale as well as laboratory tasks will be evaluated. This mission is open-ended with consumables on-board sufficient for a 28-day mission.

Workshop Revisit Mission.—The Workshop Revisit mission uses a single Saturn IB launch of a three-man Command and Service Module to rendezvous and dock with the Saturn I Workshop which will be stored in orbit at the completion of the previous mission. This mission is designated AAP-3A. Its planned duration of up to 56 days is the next step in the progressive extension of mission length to test and evaluate the ability of both man and equipment to function effectively for long periods of time in space. One of the principal purposes of this mission will be to conduct a comprehensive medical test program on the crew.

Solar Astronomy Mission.-The third mission, planned for 1971, uses the Saturn I Workshop as a base of operation for a Manned Solar Observatory. One Saturn IB will launch a three-man Command and Service Module with consumables sufficient for a 56-day mission. This flight is designated AAP-3. A second Saturn IB will launch the unmanned Apollo Telescope Mount with its payload of solar instruments. This flight is designated AAP-4. After the Command and Service Module and Apollo Telescope Mount each rendezvous and dock with the Workshop, the crew activates the Apollo Telescope Mount and Saturn I Workshop and begins the operational phase of the missions. (Fig. 1-9.)

Using high resolution solar telescopes and spectrographs, the crew will operate the system to observe and record dynamic phenomena on the surface and in the corona of the sun. This mission will be the first flight test of equipment and operating concepts for future manned and man-tended astronomical observatories.

Backup Saturn I Workshop.-This backup mission in the AAP "core program" consists of the dual launch of a three-man CSM spacecraft (AAP-5) with a backup Saturn I Workshop (AAP-6). It is to be flown if for some reason the initial Saturn I Workshop mission is unsuccessful.

Hardware

The AAP continued to move forward in developing and modifying major hardware items, and in developing prototypes of experiment hardware.

Saturn I Workshop.-The design of the S-IVB modifications, which will convert the spent stage into a workshop, was continuing at the contractor's facility at Huntington Beach, Calif. In January, the mockup of the Saturn I workshop was shipped to Marshall Space

Flight Center (MSFC), and a crew-walk-through inspection was conducted. A preliminary design review was held in March at MSFC to supplement the May 1967 design review; this review resulted in approval of the spent stage preliminary design. The preliminary requirements review on the Workshop Attitude Control System was held in June at MSFC and an operational readiness inspection was conducted of a large neutral buoyancy test facility to be used at Marshall for astronaut training.

Airlock Module.-The design of the Airlock Module was continuing at the contractor's facility in St. Louis, Missouri. The static test article was completed; it will be mated with the Multiple Docking Adapter at MSFC in the latter half of this year, and static and dynamic development tests will initiated. Neutral buoyancy evaluation of the Airlock design continued at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Design and development of the Airlock's critical subsystems also continued.