Morphometrics: Applications in Biology and Paleontology, المجلد 14Ashraf M.T. Elewa Springer Science & Business Media, 25/05/2004 - 263 من الصفحات Morphometrics is one of the most dynamic and popular fields on the contemporary biological scene. Focusing, as it does, on the quantitative characterization and analysis of morphological data, students increasingly see morphometrics as a necessary complement to molecular studies in their quests to understand the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Moreover, morphometrics has recently been shown to have direct utility in phylogenetic contexts, by both finding new, and sharpening the definition of old, character states. At this juncture in the field’s development, a more up-to-date and thorough treatment of the use of morphometric procedures in a wide variety of contexts is needed. The book in hand, Morphometrics provides such answers to real-world questions for real-world systematists. |
المحتوى
Introduction | 1 |
References | 4 |
Application of geometric morphometrics to the study of shape polymorphism in Eocene ostracodes from Egypt and Spain | 7 |
23 Brief notes on morphometries | 9 |
24 Polymorphism in ostracodes | 10 |
25 Materials and methods | 11 |
26 Results | 14 |
262 The Spanish material | 19 |
109 Acknowledgements | 139 |
Morphometric approach to Titanosauriformes Sauropoda Dinosauria femora Implications to the paleobiogeographic analysis | 143 |
113 Materials and methods | 146 |
114 Results and discussions | 149 |
1142 Titanosauria and Titanosauridae | 150 |
1143 Titanosauria of Laurasia | 151 |
1144 Titanosauria of Gondwana of Upper Cretaceous Alamosaurus the emigrant | 152 |
115 Conclusions | 153 |
27 Conclusions | 24 |
28 Acknowledgements | 26 |
Morphometric analysis of population differentiation and sexual dimorphism in the blue spiny lobster Panulirus inflatus Bouvier 1895 from NW Mexi... | 29 |
33 Material and methods | 31 |
34 Results | 33 |
35 Discussion | 37 |
36 Acknowledgements | 40 |
The effect of alcohol and freezing preservation on carapace size and shape in Liocarcinus depurator Crustacea Brachyura | 45 |
43 Materials and methods | 47 |
44 Results | 48 |
45 Discussion | 51 |
46 Acknowledgements | 52 |
Allometric field decomposition an attempt at morphogenetic morphometrics | 55 |
53 Allometric fields | 56 |
54 Allometric field decomposition | 61 |
Ammonite allometry | 62 |
56 Conclusion | 64 |
References | 65 |
A combined landmark and outlinebased approach to ontogenetic shape change in the Ordovician trilobite Triarthrus becki | 67 |
62 Introduction | 68 |
63 Materials | 70 |
64 Methods | 71 |
65 Results | 76 |
66 Concerns about the Use of Semilandmarks | 80 |
67 Acknowledgements | 81 |
Morphological analysis of two and three dimensional images of branching sponges and corals | 83 |
73 Methods | 87 |
732 Threedimensional data acquisition | 90 |
74 Results | 92 |
76 Acknowledgements | 94 |
Geometric morphometric analysis of head shape variation in four species of hammerhead sharks Carcharhiniformes Sphyrnidae | 97 |
82 Introduction | 98 |
83 Materials and methods | 99 |
832 Data acquisition | 100 |
84 Results | 102 |
85 Discussion | 109 |
86 Acknowledgements | 110 |
References | 111 |
Morphometric stock structure of the Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax Jenyns 1842 off Baja California Mexico | 115 |
92 Introduction | 116 |
93 Materials and methods | 117 |
932 Data analysis | 119 |
94 Results | 120 |
943 Multivariate analysis | 121 |
95 Discussion | 122 |
96 Acknowledgements | 124 |
References | 125 |
10 Sauropod Tracks a geometric morphometric study | 129 |
103 Materials and methods | 130 |
1032 Obtaining Landmarks coordinates | 131 |
1033 Description of landmarks | 132 |
104 Relative warp analysis | 133 |
106 Software | 134 |
1072 Multiple regression analysis | 136 |
116 Acknowledgements | 154 |
Geometric morphometrics in macroevolution morphological diversity of the skull in modern avian forms in contrast to some theropod dinosaurs | 157 |
122 Introduction | 158 |
1222 Morphology | 159 |
1223 Phylogenetic context | 160 |
123 Materials and methods | 161 |
124 Results | 162 |
125 Discussion and conclusions | 168 |
126 Acknowledgements | 171 |
Correlation of foot sole morphology with locomotion behaviour and substrate use in four passerine genera | 175 |
133 Species and data | 176 |
1332 Morphological data | 177 |
1323 Behavioural data | 178 |
1324 Statistics | 180 |
133 Results | 183 |
134 Discussion | 187 |
1342 Parallelism | 188 |
1343 Functional aspects of plantar morphological traits | 189 |
135 Acknowledgements | 191 |
References | 192 |
Appendix | 195 |
Maximumlikelihood identification of fossils taxonomic identification of Quaternary marmots Rodentia Mammalia and identification of vertebral posi... | 197 |
142 Introduction | 198 |
143 Materials and methods | 200 |
1432 Snakes | 203 |
1433 ML identification procedure | 205 |
1434 Crossvalidation assessment | 206 |
1435 Identification of unknowns | 207 |
1442 Snakes | 211 |
145 Discussion | 213 |
146 Conclusions | 217 |
147 Acknowledgements | 218 |
Geometric morphometrics of the upper antemolar row configuration in the brown toothed shrews of the genus Sorex Mammalia | 223 |
153 Materials and methods | 225 |
154 Results | 226 |
155 Conclusions | 229 |
230 | |
Geometric morphometrics in paleoanthropology Mandibular shape variation allometry and the evolution of modern human skull morphology | 231 |
162 Material and methods | 234 |
1631 Thinplate splines | 235 |
1633 Geometric morphometric software and data analyses | 236 |
195 Discussion | 238 |
197 Conclusions | 240 |
169 Acknowledgements | 241 |
3D geometric morphometric analysis of temporal bone landmarks in Neanderthals and modern humans | 245 |
173 Materials and methods | 246 |
174 Results | 248 |
175 Discussion | 253 |
1753 Upper Paleolithic Europeans | 254 |
1754 Kabwe | 255 |
176 Conclusions | 256 |
259 | |