The Principles of Psychology, المجلد 1"The four parts of which this work consists, though intimately related to each other as different views of the same great aggregate of phenomena, are yet, in the main, severally independent and complete in themselves. A brief characterization of each part, will enable everyone to decide for himself which he may best commence with The General Analysis (of which the essential portion was originally published in the Westminster Review for October, 1853, under the title of "The Universal Postulate, " and reappears here with additional arguments and explanations is an inquiry concerning the basis of our intelligence. Its object is to ascertain the fundamental peculiarity of all modes of consciousness constituting knowledge proper-knowledge of the highest validity. The Special Analysis has for its aim, to resolve each species of cognition into its components. Commencing with the most involved ones, it seeks by successive decompositions to reduce cognitions of every order to those of the simplest kind; and so, finally to make apparent the common nature of all thought, and disclose its ultimate constituents. While these analytical parts deal with the phenomena of intelligence subjectively, and, as a necessary consequence, are confined to human intelligence; the synthetical parts deal with the phenomena of intelligence objectively, and so include not human intelligence, only, but intelligence under every form"--Préface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
accompanying actions activity adjustment advance amount animals answering arise become blood body cause centres certain changes chapter cluster co-existence co-ordination combination common complex compound connected connexions consciousness constitute continuous contraction correspondence creatures definite direct discharge distinct distinguished disturbance effect elements emotions environment equal established evolution excited exist experiences external extreme fact feelings fibres followed functions further greater groups hand Hence higher ideas implies impressions increase inner internal involved kind known less matter mental Mind molecular motion motion muscles muscular nature nerves nervous system objects observe occur organism outer pain particular pass perception phenomena physical position possible present produced psychical reached reason received relations relative sensations sense sequences similarly simple space structure subjective substance successive suppose things thought tion touch truth units varies various visual wave
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 289 - Life is adequately conceived only when we think of it as " the definite combination of heterogeneous changes, both simultaneous and successive, in correspondence with external co-existences and sequences.
الصفحة 209 - The sense of space, and in the end the sense of time, were both powerfully affected. Buildings, landscapes, &c. were exhibited in proportions so vast as the bodily eye is not fitted to receive. Space swelled, and was amplified to an extent of unutterable infinity.
الصفحة 491 - Either the ego which is supposed to determine or will the action, is present in consciousness or it is not. If it is not present in consciousness, it is something of which we are unconscious — , something, therefore, of whose existence we neither have nor can have any evidence.
الصفحة 459 - Being the constant and infinitely repeated elements of thought, they must become the automatic elements of thought — the elements of thought which it is impossible to get rid of — the '
الصفحة 94 - Now, however, we turn to a totally-distinct aspect of our subject. There lies before us a class of facts absolutely without any perceptible or conceivable community of nature with the facts that have occupied us. The truths here to be set down are truths of which the very elements are unknown to physical science. Objective observation and analysis fail us ; and subjective observation and analysis must supplement them. In other words, we have to treat of nervous phenomena as phenomena of consciousness....
الصفحة 277 - A sedentary occupation pursued for years in a confined air, regardless of protesting sensations, brings about a degenerate physical state in which the inherited feelings are greatly out of harmony with the superinduced requirements of the body. Desired foods, originally appropriate, become indigestible. An air pleasure-giving by its freshness to those in vigour, brings colds and rheumatisms. Amounts of exertion and excitement naturally healthful and gratifying, are found injurious. All which evils,...
الصفحة 158 - ... individuality marked off from adjacent portions of consciousness by qualitative contrasts ; and which, when introspectively contemplated, appears to be homogeneous. These are the essentials. Obviously, if under introspection, a state of consciousness is decomposable into unlike parts that exist either simultaneously or successively, it is not one feeling, but two or more. Obviously, if it is indistinguishable from an adjacent portion of consciousness, it forms one with that portion — is not...
الصفحة 490 - That every one is at liberty to do what he desires to do (supposing there are no external hindrances), all admit ; though people of confused ideas commonly suppose this to be the thing denied. But that every one is at liberty to desire or not to desire...
الصفحة 204 - Not a step can be taken towards the truth that our states of consciousness are the only things we can know, without tacitly or avowedly postulating an unknown something beyond consciousness. The proposition that whatever we feel has an existence which is relative to ourselves only, cannot be proved, nay cannot even be intelligibly expressed, without asserting, directly or by implication, an external existence which is not relative to ourselves.
الصفحة 461 - But, as the case stands, the gradually-increasing intelligence displayed throughout childhood and youth is more attributable to the completion of the cerebral organization than to the individual experiences— a truth proved by the fact that in adult life there is sometimes displayed a high endowment of some faculty which, during education, was never brought into play. Doubtless, experiences received by the individual furnish the concrete materials for all thought.
معلومات المراجع
| العنوان | The Principles of Psychology, المجلد 1 المجلدات 4-5 من System of synthetic philosophy, Herbert Spencer The Principles of Psychology, Herbert Spencer |
| المؤلف | Herbert Spencer |
| الإصدار | 2 |
| الناشر | Williams and Norgate, 1870 |
| أصلي من | جامعة أوكسفورد |
| الكتب ذات التنسيق الرقمي | 31 تموز (يوليو) 2006 |
| عدد الصفحات | 1334 من الصفحات |
| تصدير الاقتباس | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |