Afro-Latin America, 1800-2000Oxford University Press, 2004 - 284 من الصفحات While the rise and abolition of slavery and ongoing race relations are central themes of the history of the United States, the African diaspora actually had a far greater impact on Latin and Central America. More than ten times as many Africans came to Spanish and Portuguese America as the United States. In this, the first history of the African diaspora in Latin America from emancipation to the present, George Reid Andrews deftly synthesizes the history of people of African descent in every Latin American country from Mexico and the Caribbean to Argentina. He examines how African peooples and their descendants made their way from slavery to freedom and how they helped shape and responded to political, economic, and cultural changes in their societies. Individually and collectively they pursued the goals of freedom, equality, and citizenship through military service, political parties, civic organizations, labor unions, religious activity, and other avenues. Spanning two centuries, this tour de force should be read by anyone interested in Latin American history, the history of slavery, and the African diaspora, as well as the future of Latin America. |
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... half of the 1700s , recov- ered and resumed expansion during the second half of the century . In 1759 Bahia had 166 functioning sugar mills ; by 1798 the number had more than doubled , to 400 , and then grew reached 500 mills . Growth ...
... half , from 108 to 59 , a catastrophic rate of loss . In Montevideo , the masculinity index among slaves alone dropped from 119 in 1805 to 78 in 1819.3 30 Lack of comparable data from other countries makes it unclear whether their black ...
... half of the " mestizo " population to the mulatto category , leaving the other half in the mestizo column . I followed the same procedure - giving first priority to census data , then using available plausible estimates for countries ...