...James Madison's words, on giving each department "a will of its own" and being "so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the other."15 But while it is often the case that unitary systems...

...exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior Virginia Declaration of Rights, art. 16] The Religion...conscience of every man; and it is the right of ev [. . .] In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers...

...power. The problem of the misuse of governmental power should be solved by 'so contriving the inner structure of the government as that its several constituent...means of keeping each other in their proper places' (Madison 1941: 336). Madison summed up the principle underlying his reflections in the pithy formula:...

...limited constitutional order can only be assured, in Madison's analysis, by "contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent...means of keeping each other in their proper places" (Federalist 51, par. 1). A set of potential veto positions requires those exercising the political...

...machine of government would balance competing interests "by so contriving the interior structure of government as that its several constituent parts may,...means of keeping each other in their proper places." Most famously: "Ambition must be made to counteract ambition." Constitutional design in the founders'...

...some other unit.1 L "[B]y so contriving the interior structure of the government," Madison argued, the "several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations,...be the means of keeping each other in their proper places."12 Madison developed the idea in a brilliant series of essays that blended federalism with...

...that "each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others."'7 He admitted — and attempted to justify — that...

...exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent...means of keeping each other in their proper places. Without presuming to undertake a full development of this important idea I will hazard few general...